Mustafa Ünlüsayın

Thermal and oxidative stability of Atlantic salmon oil (Salmo salar L.) and complexation with β-cyclodextrin.

Summary The thermal and oxidative stability of Atlantic salmon oil (Salmo salar L.) as well as its β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) complexation ability has been verified for the first time. The main omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, were significantly degraded, even at 50 °C. Their relative concentrations decrease from 6.1% for EPA and 4.1% for DHA to 1.7% and 1.5% after degradation at 150 °C, respectively. On the other hand, the relative concentrations of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids remained constant or slightly increased by a few percent after degradation (e.g., from 10.7% to 12.9% for palmitic acid). Co-crystallization of ASO with β-CD at a host–guest ratio of 1:1 and 3:1 from an ethanol–water mixture and kneading methods has been used for the preparation of β-CD/ASO complexes. The analysis of the complexes by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Karl Fischer titration (KFT) as well as the decrease of the “strongly-retained” water content confirm the formation of the inclusion compound. Furthermore, the DSC parameters correlate well with the KFT kinetic data for β-CD/ASO complexes.

Effect of hot-smoked rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets on the protein levels of liver tissue in rats.

Aims: Free radicals may not only affect the denatured cell structure but also reduce protein levels. These mechanisms are critical and need to be clarified as a high priority. Because of the limited information on this subject, in this respect, the effects on protein levels of liver tissue in rats fed hot-smoked rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. Methods:Four diets containing fresh and hot-smoked rainbow trout flesh and vitamins were prepared and commercial pellet food was purchased. Four groups of female Wistar rats were fed the diets for 28 days. The rats were killed by decapitation, and the hepatic tissue was removed. Total protein and detection of protein bands using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were evaluated. Results:The liver protein level in rats fed a hot-smoked rainbow trout flesh + vitamin diet was increased significantly compared with the other diet groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.009 and p < 0.011). 10 protein bands were visualized on rat gels. The molecular weights of protein bands detected were 200, 130, 70, 50, 42, 38, 26, 25, 24 and 14 kDa, respectively. The 25-kDa band of group V had a dense appearance. Also, the 14-kDa band appeared as very dense in groups V, B and K, but this band did not have a dense appearance in group D. Conclusion:Nourishment with smoked fish diets containing antioxidant substances reduced the harmful effects of free radicals and positive effects were observed on protein metabolism.

A review on antimicrobial properties of marine macroalgae extracts

Bu derlemede, denizel makroalg ozutlerinin antimikrobiyal ozellikleri uzerine yapilan calismalar arastirilmistir. Bircok arastirmaci, makroalg ozutlerinin antimikrobiyal aktivitesini belirlemek icin calismalar yapmistir. Cesitli literaturlerde, yesil, kahverengi ve kirmizi makroalg ozutlerinin, maya, kuf ve bakterilere karsi antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip oldugu bildirilmektedir. Denizel makroalg ozutlerinin antimikrobiyal etkisinin iceriginde bulunan kimyasal bilesenlerden (aminoasitler, yag asitleri, terpenoidler, florotanninler, fenolik bilesenler, steroidler, halojenli ketonlar ve alkanlar gibi) kaynaklandigi rapor edilmektedir. Bu derlemenin amaci, denizel makroalg ozutlerinin antimikrobiyal ozelliklerini arastirmak ve mikroorganizmalara karsi antimikrobiyal aktivitelerini gostermektir.

Tüketilebilir iki makroalg ekstraktının antimikrobiyal aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi

Bu calismada, Ulva rigida ve Gracilaria verrucosa makroalglerinden elde edilen etanol ozutlerinin antimikrobiyal aktivitesi incelenmistir. U. rigida ve G. verrucosa makroalgleri Inciralti (Izmir, Turkiye)sahilinden toplanmistir.Laboratuarda ornekler ilk once musluk suyu ile daha sonra saf su ile yikanarak temizlenmis ve 40 °C’de 24 saat sure ile kurutulmustur. Kurutulan ve toz haline getirilen ornekler (10 g) amber renkli erlene tartilmis ve uzerine 200 ml %95’lik etanol eklenmistir. Bu karisimlar calkalamali su banyosunda, farkli ekstraksiyon sicakliklarinda (30 °C, 45 °C ve 60 °C) 30 dakika sure ile ekstrakte edilmistir. Bu ozutler filtre edildikten sonra doner buharlastirici kullanilarak cozgen uzaklastirilmistir. Farkli sicakliklarda U. rigida ve G. verrucosa makroalglerinden saglanan etanol ozutlerinin kagit disk difuzyon agar metodu kullanilarak 6 bakteri ( Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus , Enterococcus faecalis , Listeria monocytogenes , Escherichia coli ve Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) ve 2 mantar ( Aspergillus brasiliensis ve Candida albicans ) icin antibakteriyel ve antifungal aktiviteleri in-vitro olarak degerlendirilmistir. Test edilen tum ozutlerin A. brasiliensis haric tum bakteri ve mantarlara karsi antimikrobiyal etkiye sahip oldugu tespit edilmistir.In this study, antimicrobial activity of the possibility of using ethanol extracts obtained from seaweeds Ulva rigida and Gracilaria verrucosa were examined. U. rigida and G. verrucosa were collected from the Coast of Inciraltı (Izmir, Turkey). In the laboratory, the samples were cleaned by rinsing with tap and distilled water, and then dried at 40 °C for 24 hours. Dried and pulverized seaweed samples (10 g) were weighed into an amber Erlenmeyer flask, and 200 ml of 95% (v/v) ethanol was added. The mixture was shaken and extracted in a water bath shaker at temperatures of 30 °C, 45 °C and 60 °C for 30 min. The extracts were filtered, and ethanol was removed using a rotary evaporator to obtain extracts. Ethanolic extracts of U. rigida and G. verrucosa obtained at different temperatures were evaluated in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity on six bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two fungi (Aspergillus brasiliensis and Candida albicans) using the paper disk agar diffusion method. All extract groups tested were found to have antimicrobial activity against all bacteria and fungi, except for Aspergillus brasiliensis.