Myoungock Jang

Psychological Experience of Parents of Children With Type 1 Diabetes A Systematic Mixed-Studies Review

Purpose The purpose of this review is to describe the prevalence of psychological distress in parents of children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), the relationship between parental psychological distress and health outcomes, and parents’ psychological experience of having a child with T1DM. Clinical and research implications are presented. Method A systematic mixed-studies review was undertaken to review the quantitative and qualitative research on the parental experience of having a child with T1DM. A total of 34 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Results The prevalence of parental psychological distress across all studies ranged from 10% to 74%, with an average of 33.5% of parents reporting distress at diagnosis and 19% of parents reporting distress 1 to 4 years after diagnosis. Parental psychological distress in parents of children with T1DM, regardless of how it was defined, was associated with higher child self-report of stress and depressive symptoms, more problematic child behavior, and lower child self-report of quality of life. Parental psychological distress also had negative effects on diabetes management. Themes of the qualitative synthesis indicated that parents perceived T1DM as a difficult diagnosis that contributed to significant family disruption. Adjustment occurred over time; however, ongoing stress was experienced. Conclusions Screening for psychological distress in parents of children with T1DM is indicated, and preventive interventions are needed.

Methods for knowledge synthesis: An overview

OBJECTIVES To highlight recent advances in knowledge synthesis methods and reporting guidelines. BACKGROUND Knowledge synthesis is critical to advancing practice, research, and policy, but synthesizing knowledge from an often-heterogeneous body of literature is challenging. METHODS A review of knowledge synthesis methods and reporting guidelines for health sciences research was completed using Google Scholar, Medline, CINAHL, and PsycInfo. Relevant information was critiqued and summarized for applicability to health science and practice. RESULTS Recent advances and guidelines pertaining to systematic reviews, meta-analysis, qualitative synthesis, mixed studies reviews, integrative reviews, scoping reviews, RE-AIM reviews, and umbrella reviews are discussed and examples of the application of each method to cardiopulmonary research are provided. Methods of quality appraisal are also presented. CONCLUSIONS Advancements in knowledge synthesis and reporting guidelines enhance the quality, scope, and applicability of results; thus improving health science and clinical practice, and advancing health policy.

Overweight, obesity, and metabolic syndrome in adults and children in South Korea: a review of the literature.

Overweight, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are increasing in South Korea dramatically. This review of the literature summarizes published studies on the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and metabolic syndrome in South Korean adults and children; summarizes studies related to obesity management and prevention in South Korean adults and children; and identifies gaps in the literature for further research. A PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar search identified articles published between January 1, 2000, and June 30, 2010, using the following key search terms: overweight, obesity, adult, children, adolescent, metabolic syndrome, prevention, and South Korea. Inclusion criteria included articles published in English or Korean, and primary or secondary research that measured the prevalence and characteristics of overweight and obesity or described a management or prevention program. Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria and were categorized into either adult or child studies. In adults, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased as South Korea has moved from an agricultural to a modern society. In children, there were associations between infant feeding patterns, familial relationships, and dietary and physical activity patterns. There were few programs to manage or prevent overweight. Further research is needed to develop effective strategies to prevent and manage overweight and obesity in adults and children, using family-based interventions that include multigenerational family members.

Evaluating Intervention Programs Targeting Parents to Manage Childhood Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review Using the RE-AIM Framework

Intervention programs targeting parents to manage childhood overweight and obesity have emerged based on parents influence on the health behaviors of their children. The purpose of this review was to systematically evaluate intervention programs targeting parents to manage childhood overweight and obesity using the Reach, Efficacy, Adopt, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. There was a moderate risk of bias across all studies. The overall proportion of studies (n=7) reporting on each dimension of the RE-AIM framework ranged from 78.6% (reach) to 23.8% (maintenance). The majority of intervention programs demonstrated improvement in child BMI. However intervention programs did not reach families of diverse race/ethnicity, were provided by highly trained professionals, and demonstrated high attrition, thus limiting generalizability.

Implementation of a School-based Internet Obesity Prevention Program for Adolescents

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the reach, adoption, and implementation of HEALTH[e]TEEN, a school-based Internet obesity prevention program, and examine differences in student participation and satisfaction by school, gender, age, and race/ethnicity. DESIGN Concurrent mixed method evaluation. SETTING Three public high schools in Connecticut. PARTICIPANTS Three hundred eighty-four adolescents, 8 teachers. INTERVENTION(S) HEALTH[e]TEEN vs HEALTH[e]TEEN plus coping skills training. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Demographic and state-available data, measurements of student satisfaction and participation, interviews with school administrators and teachers. ANALYSIS Mixed and logistic models, content analysis. RESULTS The sample (n = 384) was diverse (35% white), with a mean age of 15.3 years and mean body mass index of 24.7 kg/m(2). Student participation (83% of lessons completed) and satisfaction (mean 3.6 out of 5) was high. Schools implementing the program in class had higher satisfaction and participation compared with schools that implemented the program as homework (P ≤ .001 and < .001, respectively). Girls had higher satisfaction and participation compared with boys (P = .02 and .03, respectively). Younger students had higher participation compared with older students, but no difference in satisfaction was noted (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Two school-based Internet programs to decrease obesity reached diverse adolescents, and were adopted and implemented with high student satisfaction and participation. Implementation of the intervention was influenced by setting (classroom vs homework), teacher characteristics, student age, and gender.

Factors associated with school-aged children's body mass index in Korean American families

AIMS To examine factors associated with childrens body mass index and obesity-risk behaviours in Korean American families. BACKGROUND Limited data are available about family factors related to overweight and obesity in Korean American children. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS Convenient sampling was employed to recruit Korean American families in the Northeast of the United States between August 2014 and January 2015. Child, family and societal/demographic/community factors were measured with self-report questionnaires completed by mothers and children. Height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index. Data were analyzed using mixed effects models incorporating within-group correlation in siblings. RESULTS The sample included 170 Korean American children and 137 mothers. In bivariate analyses, more child screen time, number of children in the household, greater parental underestimation of childs weight and childrens participation in the school lunch program were significantly associated with higher child body mass index. In multivariate analyses that included variables showing significant bivariate relationship, no variable was associated with child body mass index. CONCLUSION There were no child, family and societal/demographic/community factors related to child body mass index in Korean American families in the multivariate analysis, which is contrary to research in other racial/ethnic groups. In bivariate analyses, there is evidence that some factors were significantly related to child body mass index. Further research is needed to understand the unique behavioural, social and cultural features that contribute to childhood obesity in Korean American families.

Participation of Racial and Ethnic Minorities in Technology-Based Interventions to Self-Manage Type 2 Diabetes: A Scoping Review:

Purpose: Strategies to decrease societal and cultural barriers for ethnic minorities to participate in health research are well established. However, limited data are available regarding participation of ethnic minorities in mobile and Internet technology–based interventions to self-manage type 2 diabetes where health disparities are predominant. Thus, the purpose was to understand the participation of ethnic minorities in technology-based intervention programs to manage type 2 diabetes. Design/Method: A scoping review was used to review a total of 21 intervention studies containing participant information about ethnic minorities and one qualitative study discussing participation of ethnic minorities. Findings: There was limited enrollment and participation of ethnic minorities. Technological barriers in addition to existing societal and cultural barriers were identified. Strategies to decrease the barriers were recommended. Conclusions: Technological barriers were identified on top of the societal and cultural barriers in traditional interventions. Further research to reduce the barriers is warranted.

Church-Based Recruitment to Reach Korean Immigrants: An Integrative Review:

Although the Korean church has been frequently used to recruit Korean immigrants in research, little is known about the specific strategies and process. The purpose of this integrative review was to describe recruitment strategies in studies of Korean immigrants and to identify the process of Korean church-based recruitment. Thirty-three studies met inclusion criteria. Four stages of church-based recruitment were identified: initiation, endorsement, advertisement, and implementation. This review identified aspects of the church-based recruitment process in Korean immigrants, which are different from the Black and Hispanic literature, due to their hierarchical culture and language barriers. Getting permission from pastors and announcing the study by pastors at Sunday services were identified as the key components of the process. Using the church newsletter to advertise the study was the most effective strategy for the advertisement stage. Despite several limitations, church-based recruitment is a very feasible and effective way to recruit Korean immigrants.

Intervention fidelity in Qigong randomized controlled trials: A method review

ABSTRACT Intervention fidelity has important implications for the reliability and validity of a study. Despite the widely reported health benefits of Qigong exercise interventions, the quality of intervention fidelity is less clear. The purpose of this paper is to use a valid intervention fidelity assessment tool to evaluate how intervention fidelity has been addressed in five areas—design, training, delivery, receipt, and enactment—in Qigong randomized controlled studies. A total of 86 articles were drawn from CINAHL, PubMed, AMED, and Scopus, and 32 were selected for the review. The adherence to intervention fidelity strategies within the intervention design, training, delivery, receipt, and enactment was 0.66, 0.32, 0.22, 0.12, and 0.21, respectively. The findings suggest that intervention fidelity is inadequately implemented or reported in published Qigong studies. Developing a consistent intervention fidelity plan for Qigong interventions is needed. To this aim, we propose a treatment fidelity plan specific to Qigong research.

Relationships of Obesity-Related Behavior Patterns With Socioeconomic Status and Acculturation in Korean American Women:

There is limited understanding about the obesity-related behaviors of diet, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in Korean American women. The purpose of this study was to cluster obesity-related behavior patterns of Korean American women and to examine group differences in acculturation, socioeconomic status (SES), and body mass index (BMI). A secondary analysis from a cross-sectional study was conducted using two-step cluster analysis for clustering groups. A total of 137 Korean American women (M age = 42.7 years, SD = 3.9 years; M BMI = 23.1 kg/m2, SD = 3.1 kg/m2; 47.7% BMI ⩾ 23 kg/m2) participated. Three clusters were identified: healthy lifestyle, unhealthy lifestyle, and low physical activity but healthy diet group. The unhealthy lifestyle group was more likely to have high acculturation compared with other groups (p = .03). SES and BMI were not significantly different between groups. Further intervention is needed to improve obesity-related behaviors of acculturated Korean American women.