Myrian Tebaldi

Known-plaintext attack on a joint transform correlator encrypting system

We demonstrate in this Letter that a joint transform correlator shows vulnerability to known-plaintext attacks. An unauthorized user, who intercepts both an object and its encrypted version, can obtain the security key code mask. In this contribution, we conduct a hybrid heuristic attack scheme merge to a Gerchberg-Saxton routine to estimate the encrypting key to decode different ciphertexts encrypted with that same key. We also analyze the success of this attack for different pairs of plaintext-ciphertext used to get the encrypting code. We present simulation results for the decrypting procedure to demonstrate the validity of our analysis.

All-optical encrypted movie

We introduce for the first time the concept of an all-optical encrypted movie. This movie joints several encrypted frames corresponding to a time evolving situation employing the same encoding mask. Thanks to a multiplexing operation we compact the encrypted movie information into a single package. But the decryption of this single package implies the existence of cross-talk if we do not adequately pre-process the encoded information before multiplexing. In this regard, we introduce a grating modulation to each encoded image, and then we proceed to multiplexing. After appropriate filtering and synchronizing procedures applied to the multiplexing, we are able to decrypt and to reproduce the movie. This movie is only properly decoded when in possession of the right decoding key. The concept development is carried-out in virtual optical systems, both for the encrypting and the filtering-decrypting stages. Experimental results are shown to confirm our approach.

Experimental multiplexing of encrypted movies using a JTC architecture

We present the first experimental technique to encrypt a movie under a joint transform correlator architecture. We also extend the method to multiplex several movies in a single package. We use a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to encrypt experimentally each movie. One arm of the interferometer is the joint transform correlator and the other arm is the reference wave. We include the complete description of the procedure along with experimental results supporting the proposal.

Wavelength multiplexing encryption using joint transform correlator architecture

We show that multiple secure data recording under a wavelength multiplexing technique is possible in a joint transform correlator (JTC) arrangement. We evaluate both the performance of the decrypting procedure and the influence of the input image size when decrypting with a wavelength different from that employed in the encryption step. This analysis reveals that the wavelength is a valid parameter to conduct image multiplexing encoding with the JTC architecture. In addition, we study the influence of the minimum wavelength change that prevents decoding cross talk. Computer simulations confirm the performance of the proposed technique.

Pure optical dynamical color encryption

We introduce a way to encrypt-decrypt a color dynamical phenomenon using a pure optical alternative. We split the three basic chromatic channels composing the input, and then each channel is processed through a 4f encoding method and a theta modulation applied to the each encrypted frame in every channel. All frames for a single channel are multiplexed. The same phase mask is used to encode all the information. Unlike the usual procedure we do not multiplex the three chromatic channels into a single encoding media, because we want to decrypt the information in real time. Then, we send to the decoding station the phase mask and the three packages each one containing the multiplexing of a single channel. The end user synchronizes and decodes the information contained in the separate channels. Finally, the decoding information is conveyed together to bring the decoded dynamical color phenomenon in real-time. We present material that supports our concepts.

Multichanneled encryption via a joint transform correlator architecture.

We propose a multichanneling encryption method by using multiple random-phase mask apertures in the input plane based on a joint transform correlation scheme. In the proposal, this multiple aperture arrangement is changed as different input objects are inserted and stored. Then, during the decryption step, the appropriate use of the random-phase mask apertures can ensure the retrieval of different information. This approach provides different access levels. Computer simulations show the potential of the technique and experimental results verify the feasibility of this method.

Digital color encryption using a multi-wavelength approach and a joint transform correlator

We propose a digital color image encryption technique by using a joint transform correlator (JTC) architecture and a wavelength multiplexing operation. In our optical arrangement, the color image to be encrypted is separated into three channels: red, green and blue. One of the JTC apertures contains the input image information corresponding to a determined color channel bonded to a random phase mask, while the other JTC aperture contains the reference random phase key code. Since the speckle size generated by the random phase masks is wavelength dependent, the illuminating wavelength variation will produce a corresponding joint power spectrum (JPS) modification. Consequently, wavelength changes can be used to multiplex the encrypted information associated to each color channel. We sequentially store every JPS in the same medium. We present digital results that confirm our approach.

Speckle photography with different pupils in a multiple-exposure scheme

The use of different multiple-aperture pupils for recording each image in speckle photography is proposed. The introduction of suitable spatial frequency carriers, by internally modulating imaged speckles, allows one to selectively isolate or combine the spectral content of different images into spatially separated regions in the Fourier plane. Theoretical and experimental results extend the speckle photography technique to the depiction of several specklegrams of multiple uniform in-plane displacements. In this case, because different pupils are considered for recording, the cross-correlation functions for the amplitudes and intensities in the image plane are calculated on the basis of the statistical properties of the object. Also, the ensemble-average intensity in the Fourier plane is analytically derived, and fringe visibility is investigated.

Analysis and applications of the speckle patterns registered in a photorefractive BTO crystal

The features of the volume speckle pattern recording in a sillenite BTO crystal are investigated. The modulation of the speckle grains appears when the image of a random diffuser is formed onto the crystal by an optical system whose pupil consists of two identical apertures. In fact, the volume nature of the grains generates speckle overlapping regions where the modulation takes place. The 3-D modulated speckle pattern stored in the crystal leads to a space-charge field by drift of photocarriers, resulting in a refractive index modulation. By observing the diffracted read-out light is established that the index modulation in the speckle overlapping regions lead to a remarkable angular selectivity. The statistical nature behavior of the speckle distributions is considered in the theoretical analysis. A comparison between the theoretical predictions and the experimental results is done. The analysis leads to the adequate selection of the write-in parameters as it is illustrated in the optical processing applications presented.

Optical operations based on speckle modulation by using a photorefractive crystal

An image multiplexing technique, based on the internal modulation of speckle grains by using different multiple aperture pupils during exposure, is proposed. A BSO crystal is employed as the recording medium. A theoretical analysis of the multiplexing procedures is outlined. Selective retrieving of each encoded image and the superposition of several images is discussed. Experimental results in connection with image binary operations are presented.