Myung Ja Han

Uptake Properties of Germanium to Vegetable Plants and Its Effect on Seed Germination and on Early Stage Growth

To investigate effects of inorganic and organic (Ge-132) germanium (Ge) on seed germination and on early stage growth of plane and the uptake characteristics, various concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50, 100 mg ) of Ge to popular vegetables such as leaf mustard, chinese cabbage and pak-choi, respectively, were treated. On seed germination, no significant effect was observed in both inorganic and organic Ge treatments except 100 mg treatment of inorganic Ge. Exogenous inorganic Ge ( mg treatments significantly inhibited the early root elongation growth of all plants. However, slight enhancement of early shoot elongation was detected in low concentrations (10 and 25 mg ) of Ge in the leaf mustard and chinese cabbage plants. Organic Ge treatments significantly stimulated the 개ot and shoot growth at the 10, 25 and 50 mg treatments. Ge was accumulated linearly in the vegetables as both inorganic and organic Ge concentrations were increased. Interestingly, total contents of Ge in plants with Ge-132 treatments were times more than those with inorganic Ge treatments in all concentrations. At 25 mg treatment of Ge, contents of Ge in vegetables are following: in leaf mustard, inorganic Ge: 0.37 mg and organic Ge: 1.47 mg in the chinese cabbage, inorganic Ge: 0.4 mg and organic Ge: 0.86 mg in the pak-choi, inorganic Ge: 0.33 mg and organic Ge: 0.70 mg , respectively. These results showed organic Ge is much better on early stage seedling growth and on germanium accumulation of vegetables than inorganic Ge.

Characteristics of Nutrients Release by Submerged Plants in Flood Control Reservoirs within Juam Lake

우리나라는 갈수기와 홍수기때의 강우량 차이가 크므로 주요 수원지의 저수율과 수위 변동에 큰 영향을 주고 있으며, 갈수기나 가뭄시에 노출된 호소 연안부에는 다양한 식물들이 자생하여 독특한 수면 생태계를 이루고 있다. 국내의 대부분의 댐과 저수지는 영양염류의 유입으로 여름과 초가을 고수온기에 부영양화 현상이 빈번하게 일어나고 있으며, 이러한 현상은 질소와 인 등의 영양염류와 환경요인 등의 다양한 인자와 밀접한 상관이 있다 (Cho et al., 1996; Lee and Kang, 2000). 호수내의 영양염류 증가에 영향을 주는 대표적인 오염원으로는 상류로부터 유입되는 점오염원 및 비점오염원과 호수내부에서 생산되는 유기물로 인한 부하로 알려져 있으며, 이 중 호수내부에서 생성되는 대표적인 오염원으로는 식물플랑크톤의 증가와 저수구역내 식물체의 침수로 인한 영양염류의 용출을 들 수 있다. 저수구역내에서 생장하는 식물들은 생장기 동안에는 수질과 토양 (퇴적층)으로 부터 영양성분을 흡수하여 생장하므로 수질정화 뿐만 아니라 토양 생태계 활성화에 다양한 이점이 있으나, 홍수기에는 저수율 상승으로 인해 식물들이 상당기간 침수되어 분해되면서 수중의 영양염류를 증가시켜 조류의 번식과 이취미 유발 요인 등으로 작용할 수 있고, 부영양화를 촉진시켜 안정적인 수자원 공급에 차질을 빚을 수 있다 (Cho, 2010; Lee and Bae, 2002; Lee and Kim, 2005; Lee and Park, 2005;).우리나라의 다목적댐은 건설 목적에 따라 저수량 관리를 효과적으로 하기 위하여 여름 홍수기 전에 수위를 최대한 낮추며, 여름 홍수기 이후에 높은 수위를 유지시켜

Evaluation of Treatment Efficiencies of Pollutants in Boknae Bio-Park Constructed Wetlands

Boknae Bio-park is a free water surface constructed wetlands to remove non-point source pollution. Boknae Bio-park constructed wetlands (CWs) consist of forebay, wetlands (1 st , 2 nd , and 3 rd wetlands), and micropool. The concentrations of BOD, SS, T-N and T-P in inflow were 1.87-4.23, 5.2-24.0, 4.94-15.59 and 0.10-0.75 mg L -1 in Boknae Bio-park CWs from April to December in 2008, respectively. The removal rates of BOD, SS, T-N and T-P in Boknae Bio-park CWs were 26, 43, 62 and 83%, respectively. The removal rates of BOD and SS in the spring and summer were higher than those in other seasons. The removal rates of T-N and T-P on spring were slightly higher than those in other seasons. The amounts of pollutants removal in Boknae Bio-park CWs were higher in the order of forebay > wetlands > micropool for BOD, wetlands > forebay > micropool for SS and wetlands > forebay > micropool for T-N. The amount of T-P removal was not significant different in all areas.

Effects of Selenium Supplement on Germination, Sprout Growth and Selenium Uptake in Four Vegetables

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of selenium treatment on the growth of vegetables sprout. Four vegetables, such as cabbage, lettuce, pak-choi and leaf mustard were examined under various selenium treatments (0, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 mg L -1 ). Seed germinations in cabbage, pak-choi and leaf mustard were significantly inhibited at high concentration of selenium treatment. However, seed germination in lettuce was not much inhibited. Growth characteristics, such as soot length, root length, fresh weight and chlorophyll contents, were not much decreased at 1 mg L -1 of selenium and then significantly inhibited with the increase of selenium concentration at above 5 mg L -1 in all four vegetables. The selenium content increased linearly with the increase of selenium concentration. At the range of 1 to 25 mg L -1 of selenium treatment, selenium contents in vegetables were 0.11 to 1.15 of cabbage, 0.16 to 0.61 of lettuce, 0.13 to 1.31 of pak-choi and 0.14 to 1.13 mg g -1 dw of leaf mustard, respectively. These results showed that treatment of selenium with the range of 1 to 5 mg L -1 could be used to produce the selenium enriched vegetable sprouts.

Accumulation and Toxicity of Germanium in Cucumber under Different Types of Germaniums

The effects of germanium dioxide (GeO2) and 2-carboxyethyl germanium sesquioxide (Ge-132) treatments on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) growth and Ge accumulation and toxicity were investigated. Accumulated Ge contents in plant treated with GeO2 were two times greater than that in plants treated with Ge-132. Germanium accumulated primarily in the shoots in the GeO2 treatments and in the roots in the Ge-132 treatments. In contrast GeO2 was easily transported from roots to shoots. In cucumber fruit, the range of Ge content in both the GeO2 and Ge-132 treatments was in the order of stalk > rind > pulp > seeds, suggesting that Ge accumulation was based on distance from xylem. Silicon (Si) content significantly decreased as GeO2 concentration increased, but there was no difference in Si content in the Ge-132 treatment. Therefore, plant growth and Ge accumulation are affected differently by GeO2 and Ge-132 treatments, based partly on treatment concentrations.