N. A. Kharitonova

REE geochemistry in groundwater of the Sikhote Alin fold region (Russian Far East)

Analysis of the distribution and fractionation of rare earth elements in the groundwater of the Sikhote Alin fold region reveals that their concentrations, geochemistry, and fractionation ability vary in different groundwater types depending on many factors, including the pH–Eh parameters and mineralization of the solutions and the composition of the host rocks. The results of monitoring of changes in the REE concentrations in the groundwater of the region over ten years provides the opportunity to establish the range of their variations. Inorganic forms of REE migration are rated for all geochemical types of water in the meteoric–surface–ground water system.

Geochemistry of Thermal Waters of Continental Margin of Far East of Russia

O 分别地。REE 模式反映高 pH，从水岩石相互作用的 resultfing 和氧化条件。用 Na-K 和石英地温计的深含水土层温度的计算分别地显示出 116.8-131.1 ° C 和 82.2-125.8 °C。深差错的存在两个与反常热坡度(∼45-50 K/km ) 定义 Sikhote-Alin 的热水的唯一的 geochemical 形状，区域，在没有现在的暴烈的活动被登记的地方。

REE fractionation in the rivers of eastern and southern Sikhote Alin with natural and anthropogenic anomalies

The behavior of REE in the rivers of eastern and southern Sikhote Alin (Primorye) is discussed. The high-resolution ICP-MS (HR-ICP-MS) technique is used for determining the REE concentrations and degree of REE fractionation in the background unpolluted rivers and in the Rudnaya River, affected by mining industry waste products. In addition, water streams from tailing storages (Dal’negorsk) and from the rivers of Vladivostok are subjected to study. It is shown that the studied rivers differ from each other in the studied parameters and in migration forms. These differences are explained by the different degrees of chemical denudation of rocks in their drainage areas by and anthropogenic impacts on the surface water streams.

Hydrochemistry and genesis of thermal waters of the Goryachii Klyuch spring in Primorskii Krai (Far East of Russia)

This report presents original data on the hydrochemical, isotope, and microbiological composition of nitric thermal waters of the Goryachii Klyuch spring (Primorskii Krai). The first-performed year-round surveys of the conditions of the spring water and the environment have shown that the ground waters heated over 30°C in fractured siliceous Upper-Permian rocks suffered no significant seasonal variations in their temperature and discharge during a year, and the slight seasonal variations in the chemical composition of the waters were caused by the interactions in the water-rock system. The isotope studies (δ18O, δ2H, and 3H) have shown that the thermal waters were of atmospheric genesis and with a long-term circulation period of >50 years. The processes of the transition of elements to the solution were decelerated at the absence of soluble rocks and aggressive gases, which caused the low mineralization of the waters. The water temperature was determined by the depth of their circulation amounting to 1–2 km. It was found that the processes of the carbon and nitrogen cycles involving microorganisms were the most intense in the thermal waters.

Geochemistry of the mineral waters and gases of the Mukhen deposit, Far East

This work reports new hydrochemical data on the two types of cold high p CO2 groundwaters from the Mukhen deposit (Khabarovsk district). The first type is classed with HCO3-Ca-Mg waters with a relatively low TDS (up to 1.7 g/l) and high concentrations of Fe2+, Mn2+, Ba2+, and SiO2. The second type is of HCO3-Na composition with high TDS (up to 14 g/l) and elevated Li+, B, Sr2+, Br−, and I−. New oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δD) isotopic data on the waters and carbon (δ13C) isotopic data on the gas phase, together with a detailed geological and hydrogeological analysis of the study area, allowed us to decipher the origin of both the mineral waters. Based on the tritium content (3H) in the ground and surface waters of the area, the duration of the mineral water circulation was estimated. It was established that the both types of groundwaters were formed during interaction of meteoric water with bedrock under active influence of CO2, however HCO3-Na groundwaters have longer residence time than HCO3-Ca-Mg groundwaters.

Geochemical features of major and rare-earth element behavior in the Paratunka and Bol’shebannyi hydrothermal systems of Kamchatka

This paper presents original data on the content and distribution of major and rare-earth elements in the modern hydrothermal systems of the Paratunka and Bol’shebannyi thermal water deposits. In spite of the similar geochemical type of the waters, the individual sites of the hydrothermal systems differ in the major component composition, which is caused by the time of water–rock interaction, temperature control, and the possible influence of seawater intrusions. The REE concentrations in the studied thermal waters are extremely low (a few tenths of ppb). A distinctive feature of these thermal waters is the presence of a positive Eu anomaly. The possible reasons for its appearance are discussed. Calculation of REE speciation shows that the main parameters controlling the formation of the REE complexes in the Paratunka and Bol’shebannyi hydrothermal systems are their individual chemical properties, as well as pH, Eh, and temperature of the aqueous solution.

Geochemistry of carbonated mineral waters from the Fadeevskoe deposit of the Primorye region

The geochemical study of bed rocks, underground and surface waters, and associated gases in the Fadeevskoe deposit of carbonated waters (Sikhote Alin, Primorye region) revealed that the chemical composition of these waters is formed in the zone of active water exchange in the limited area of the discharge zone, where hydro carbonate calcic waters with mineralization of up to 1 g/1 are formed in largely potassic-sodic rocks. Calculations of the saturation indices show that the mineral waters are characterized by the early stage of Ca saturation, being undersaturated with carbonates and aluminosilicates. The main factors that influence the water mineralization are the excess carbon dioxide in water and the circulation time. The oxygen and carbon isotope ratios indicate the atmospheric genesis of the aqueous component (δ2H = —117; δ18O = —15.4%o) and the carbon isotope content in the CO2 implies the mantle nature of the carbon dioxide (δ13C = -9.9%o).

Hydrogeochemical Features of Thermal Waters of South Trungbo (Central Vietnam)

The results of studying the features of the hydrogeological structure and chemical and isotope composition of thermal waters from the central part of Vietnam that are characterized by intense manifestations of intrusive magmatism are presented. It is established that low–and high–thermal waters with temperature varying within 30–85°C are developed in the area under study. The value of total mineralization of the hydrotherms ranges from 0.05 to 10.05 g/dm3. It is assumed that the circulation of thermal waters that are different in temperature and chemical composition occurs at two levels. The regular change of the hydrotherm composition in the direction from mineralized chloride sodium, including with increased Ca content, to fresh sodium bicarbonate is revealed. The ratio of δ18O–δ2H isotopes indicates that the water component is based on meteoric water. In the coastal areas, there is an isotope shift towards the ocean waters, which is also confirmed by the hydrogeochemical data. The key factors for forming the chemical composition of the thermal waters in South Trungbo are their genetic type, the interaction processes in the “water–rock–gas–organic substance” system, and their equilibrium–nonequilibrium state.

Biosorption of Rare-Earth Elements and Yttrium by Heterotrophic Bacteria in an Aqueous Environment

This paper reports the results of the experimental determination of the coefficient of sorption of rare-earth elements and yttrium (REY) under conditions of acidic pH using several strains of heterotrophic bacteria (Microbacterium sp., Curtobacterium sp., Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, and Bacillus pumilis) that are widespread in natural and technogenic waters of the Far East (Russia). Insignificant fractionation between heavy and light rare-earth elements, negative cerium and dysprosium anomalies, and a positive europium anomaly were revealed. The selectivity of REY biosorption by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as inertia of the biosorption process under more acidic conditions of the medium, were shown.

Tailing dumps at the Krasnorechenskaya concentration mill (Primorskii krai, Russia): Geochemistry and mineralogy

This study presents the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of tailing dumps at the Krasnorechenskaya concentration mill (Primorskii krai, Russia). Primary ore minerals and newly forming mineral assemblages were also investigated. According to the obtained data, the possible reserves of the major elements accumulated in these tailings were estimated. It was shown that the tailing dumps at the Krasnorechenskaya concentration mill are potentially promising for secondary recovery. The tailing sediment has natural geochemical stratification and the specific correlations of elements are typical for each selected layer.