N. A. Klymenko

Biosorption removal of nitrophenols by activated carbon

The article has investigated the efficiency of biofiltration of solutions 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2-nitriphenol through activated carbon of the grade KAU—usual and modified by iron oxide. It has been shown that both sorbents are characterized by a high selective adsorption for substances being investigated. The impact of modification of carbon by iron oxides when removing nitrophenols is manifested in an increase of active life of biofilter operation and activization of the biofilm development.

Raising the efficiency of coagulation treatment of the Dnieper River water

The article has investigated the possibility of raising the efficiency of coagulation treatment of the water of the Dnieper river without an increase of the dose of the coagulant. Paper showed synergism of the combination of preliminary ozonization and coagulation at a fixed coagulant dose. The use of ozone doses within the range 2.9–3.6 mg/dm3 is most expedient in summer months, when the content of the total organic carbon in the water increases. An increase of the fraction of biologically accessible carbon with such doses is not observed.

Restoration of activated carbon adsorption capacity after a long-term use of filters for add-on treatment of tap water

The quantitative assessment of the degree of bioregeneration of activated carbons with native biofilm in the course of long-term use of the filter in add-on treatment of tap water has been carried out. The possibilities of using eluent regeneration of carbons for the recover of their adsorption capacity have been investigated.

Biosorption of procaine on biologically active carbon

The article has studied the dynamics of biosorption purification of water of procaine adapted by biomass of active sludge immobilized on activated carbon. The greatest constant of the rate of biodestruction of procaine (0.151 h–1) suspended by adapted biomass is observed at the concentration of the matter 100 mg/dm3. At biosorption removal of procaine on activated carbon under conditions of stirring the constants of the rates of biodestruction increase two–five times compared with suspended biomass. The adapted biofilm noticeably extend the service life of carbon compared with the spontaneously emerging biofilm at the sake of higher destruction activity.

Impact of characteristic of activated carbons on the efficiency of removal from water of pharmaceutical preparations of various chemical nature

The article has investigated regularities of adsorption of sulfanilamide, sulfathiazole, levamizole and procaine on activated carbons KAU and Filtrasorb F400. Within the interval of concentrations 0.1–1 mol/dm3 the series of adsorption affinity of substances under research on both carbons coincide. Adsorption values decrease in the following sequence: sulfanilamide > sulfathiazole > procaine > levamizole. It has been shown that for the removal from water of the mixture of pharmaceutical preparations with different physicochemical properties it is expedient that the combination of mainly microporous carbon sorbents have different surface chemistry.

Removal of biofilm from activated carbon in industrial adsorption filters

The mechanism of removing biofilm and other adsorbed substances from activated filters used for the advanced wastewater treatment was investigated. It was found that the maximum removal of pollutants—up to 0.18 g/100 cm3 for insoluble substances and up to 160 mg/cm3 for the total organic carbon—was obtained through the two-stage treatment, first, using 1M NaOH solution, and then, 0.85% NaCl. The use of 0.85% NaCl following the Ringer’s solution was found to be the most efficient way in de-immobilizing living biomass—up to 310 CFU/cm3 was removed.

Biofiltration of the chlorophenol aqueous solution through the activated carbon bed

The efficiency of biofiltering the o-chlorophenol solution through the KAU-grade activated carbon is common and modified with iron oxide—was studied. Both sorbents showed high selective adsorption ability for the compound investigated. The activated carbon modified with iron oxides was found to have a positive effect on the adsorption of o-chlorophenol at low equilibrium concentrations and continuous filtration.

Raising the efficiency of water treatment by means of activated carbons with improved sorption characteristics

Substantiated is the possibility of obtaining new carbon sorbents from anthracite coals of the Donetsk deposit (Ukraine). It is shown that their adsorption ability depends on the physiochemical composition of the initial feedstock and method of treatment. The article emphasized the possibility of obtaining a sorbent having a rational structure of a porous space by way of its multistage activation. The use of such sorbents makes it possible to decrease the specific consumption of activated carbon for water purification in filtering surface waters of the Dnieper River and biologically treated wastewaters of the city of Kiev.

Off-Line Activated Carbon Bioregeneration in Filtration Process of 2-Nitrophenol Solutions

The article shows that purification of water of 2-nitrophenol the term of the effective operation of biological activated carbon is increased by 1–1.5 month in fulfilling periodic offline aeration of the sorbent (4–7 days) with addition of nutrients. In this case 60–80% of restored pores volume was freed of products of vital activities of microorganisms.

Chemical Regeneration of Biological Activated Carbon in Removing Nitrophenol

Investigated are changes of the porous structure of biological activated carbon in filtration and after chemical regeneration. It is shown that 71–84 vol % of recovered pores were blocked by the products of microbe vital activity. Alkaline treatment of the bed of biological activated carbon (during several days) makes it possible to prolong efficient nitrophenols removal from water by 10–11 months.