N. A. M. Radzi

Dynamic hierarchical bandwidth allocation using Russian Doll Model in EPON

This paper demonstrates a new hierarchical Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation algorithm using the Russian Doll Model (RDM) to allocate bandwidth for intra-Optical Network Unit (ONU) in an Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON). The allocation of bandwidth is based on the classification and prioritization of service. The algorithm addresses the requests of ONUs and provides differentiated services by balancing priority and fairness. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs well in supporting the triple-play services, i.e. video, voice, and data, as well as making effective adjustment in balancing bandwidth sharing between the ONUs compared with two other existing Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) algorithm. The proposed algorithms shows significant performance improvements in terms of bandwidth utilization, packet delay and the fairness.

Managing Differentiated Services in Upstream EPON

In order to enhance the bandwidth utilization while maintaining the required quality of service (QoS), an efficient dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm that supports global priority has been proposed in upstream Ethernet passive optical network (EPON). The algorithm aims to allocate bandwidth to different traffic classes according to the priority as a whole. The simulation is done using MATLAB by comparing the proposed algorithm with a DBA algorithm found in the literature. The proposed algorithm shows an improvement as high as 11.78% in terms of bandwidth utilization and reduces expedited forwarding (EF), assured forwarding (AF) and best effort (BE) delay as high as 25.22%, 18.96% and 21.34% respectively compared to Min’s DBA.

Efficient dynamic bandwidth allocation for upstream EPON with global priority

An efficient dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm with global priority is proposed for upstream Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) in this paper. The algorithm is hierarchical and it ensures that the excessive bandwidth is allocated fairly according to the priority. The simulation is done using MATLAB by comparing Efficient DBA with global priority to Efficient DBA with local priority. The results show an improvement as high as 11% in terms of the bandwidth utilization and 46% in terms of the delay.

Enhanced Hierarchical Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm with Excess Bandwidth and SLA Techniques for Upstream Ethernet PON

Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are thought to be the next step in the development of Access Networks and providing broadband access in the “last mile” area. Ethernet PON (EPON) gains the most attention from the researchers as it offers highly flexible and cost effective solution. In this paper we propose two high level scheduler algorithms inside the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) and Optical Network Units (ONU). In the proposed Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) algorithm, the OLT allocates the bandwidth to the ONUs in proportion to the weight associated with the excess bandwidth available, while the ONU preferentially allocates its bandwidth to queues with a strict or non strict priority order. The algorithms provide dynamic bandwidth allocation and separate the burden of queue management fairly between the customer and the network. This led to less complicated and more intelligent equipment has been used on the customer’s premises. We show the results of simulations to validate the effectiveness of algorithms presented and to provide quality of service (QoS) for triple play real time services in Ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs).

Affine versus projective transformation for SIFT and RANSAC image matching methods

Image registration is a process of determining the geometrical transformation that aligns two or more images taken from different viewpoints and sensors at different times. Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) method has gained more popularity since it extracts the highest number of features and matching points compared to Speeded-Up Robust Feature (SURF) and Harris Corner Detector at little computational cost. In this paper, a combination of SIFT and Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) is used to produce panoramic image. In order to reject outliers and estimate the transformation model, affine and projective transformations are used to study the best geometrical transformations methods to be used. The results shows that the projective transformation has a better performance in terms of accuracy.

Fuzzy-logic based NSR DBA for upstream GPON

Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) is a promising solution to cater for the tremendous demand for higher bandwidth applications. Dynamic Bandwidth Algorithm (DBA) is one of the mechanisms that is able to enhance GPON performance by serving bandwidth demand dynamically and satisfying Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper, a review on DBA features of previous developed algorithms in GPON is conducted. A Fuzzy-logic based Non-Status Reporting DBA (FNSR DBA) is presented where the finding show promising performance on bandwidth utilization.

A new dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm for fiber wireless network

Fiber Wireless (FiWi) provides a solution that combines gigabit passive optical network and Wi-Fi to provide huge capacity as well as mobility support. To manage the bandwidth in FiWi, a dynamic bandwidth allocation is proposed in this paper where it uses time division multiple access at the optical part and Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance at the wireless part. Two methods are used for the algorithm, one using status reporting and the other is using non status reporting. It shows that both algorithms have their own advantage and disadvantage. The differences were found to be marginal though. For the status reporting, it has 4.6% higher bandwidth utilization than non status reporting and non status reporting has 5.24% lower delay compared to status reporting.

Multi-objective biological mimicry optimization algorithm for WSN sensor node placement

An optimum sensor nodes arrangement in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) would be able to provide a WSN with maximum coverage, minimum energy consumption and guaranteed connectivity. A sensor node placement algorithm called Multi-objective Territorial Predator Scent Marking Algorithm (MOTPSMA) that imitates the behavior of territorial predators in marking their territories with their odours is introduced in this paper. The MOTPSMA deployed in this paper uses the minimum uncovered area and minimum energy consumption as the objective functions subject to full connectivity constraint. The performance of the proposed technique is then compared with an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) algorithm in terms of coverage ratio, connectivity and energy consumption. Simulation results show that the WSN deployed with the proposed sensor node placement scheme provides better performance with larger coverage ratio, full connectivity and lower energy consumption.

Efficient Bandwidth Allocation Methods in Upstream EPON

The Internet has become the world’s leading universal global communication infrastructure. Optical solutions are sought after at the access network to support the ever increasing demand in bandwidth. Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are seen to provide a cost effective solution for this. PON Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) scheme provides the means for upstream traffic allocation. In this paper, the operation of several bandwidth allocation algorithms in upstream Ethernet PON (EPON) is presented. An Efficient Distributed DBA (EDDBA) that supports Quality of Service (QoS) for both inter and intra ONU allocation is proposed. The proposed scheme introduces an identical DBA algorithm running simultaneously in each ONU. The simulation performance for the proposed DBA was conducted using Prolog and shows flexibility, reliability in handling data, voice, and video traffic.

Implementation of a One-LLID-per-Queue DBA Algorithm in EPON

The advantages of Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) are setting it to be a natural ubiquitous solution for the access network. In the upstream direction of EPON, the directional property of the splitter requires that the traffic flow be mitigated to avoid collision. A dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) scheme is desirable in optimizing the bandwidth usage further. In this paper, a global priority DBA mechanism is discussed. The mechanism aims to reduce the overall delay while enhancing the throughput and fairness. This study was conducted using MATLAB where it was compared to two other algorithms in the literature. The results show that the delay is reduced up to 59% and the throughput and fairness index are improved up to 10% and 6%, respectively.