N. Begum

Apply traditional and molecular protocols for the detection of carrier state of visceral leishmaniasis in black Bengal goat

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the second largest parasitic killer of human in the world after malaria which is responsible for an estimated 500,000 new cases of VL in each year with 8-10% mortality. The parasite is transmissible to humans and animals by the bite of phlebotomine sand fly. The clinical manifestations are highly diverse, humans and dogs are naturally infected, and the diseases are associated with several risk factors, yet to understand. The aims of this study were to apply traditional and molecular detection tools and more emphasis was given to identify goat as a carrier of visceral leishmaniasis. To demonstrate the promastigote and amastigote phases of Leishmania in tissues, traditional impression smear staining technique was used. For the confirmation of the species of Leishmania involved specific technique like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied. A total of twenty goats were investigated and samples were tested using impression smear staining, histopathology and PCR. Blood smear and impression smears were prepared from spleen, liver, bone marrow and stained with Giemsas stain. Using Giemsas staining out of twenty goats investigated, six (6/20) were found to contain promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania in their visceral organs. Histopathological examination from the liver section of suspected goats showed degeneration, necrosis and non specific fibrous connective tissue proliferation compared to non-reactive goats. There was accumulation of macrophages in lymphoid follicles of spleen in five suspected goats. A highly sensitive and specific primers were used in PCR amplification with the extracted DNA from liver and spleen of suspected six goats. Results of PCR showed that two of them were generated 145bp amplicon selective for L. donovani in their liver and spleen. Leishmaniasis has a great public health significance and the protozoa found in goats of Fulbaria Upazilla may

Prevalence of blood protozoa in poultry in Tangail, Bangladesh

The present study was undertaken in different areas of Tangail district to investigate the presence of haemosporidian parasites in domestic poultry (Chicken, duck and pigeon). A total of 72 samples were examined from December, 2013 to May, 2014. Microscopical examinations of peripheral blood were performed. Among the examined samples, 33(45.8%) poultry were found to be infected with different blood protozoa. Two species of blood protozoa were identified such as Leucocytozoon spp. in chickens (34.6%) and ducks (58.3%); Haemoproteus spp. (22.7%) and Leucocytozoon spp. (22.7%) in pigeons. Female (46.5%) were 1.10 times more susceptible than male (44.8%) which was statistically significant (P<0.01). The overall prevalence of young birds was 17.39% while in adults 59.18% and this variation was statistically significant (P<0.05). According to calculated odds ratio, adults were 6.89 times more susceptible than the youngs. From the findings of this study it is concluded that haemosporidian parasitic infection in poultry is prevalent in Bangladesh. Therefore, more epidemiological studies are necessary to know the exact situation of haemosporidian parasites in poultry of Bangladesh.