N. Dave

A four-lump kinetic model for the cracking/coking of recycled heavy oil☆

Abstract In recycled solids processes, shale oil undergoes secondary cracking/coking reactions on the surface of the recycle solids used as the heat carrier. Heavy oil recycle uses these secondary reactions to advantage to convert the heavy oil fraction produced during primary pyrolysis reactions to lighter, more desirable products, thereby reducing the overall severity of hydrotreating which would otherwise be required to upgrade this fraction to a refinery grade feedstock. A four-lump kinetic model has been developed to describe the rate of production of the lighter condensable oil, as well as the coke and non-condensable gases which are also formed. This kinetic model can be used to predict yields from the cracking/coking of heavy oil in any type of reactor.

Application of the levitation technique for investigation of metal alloys and phase equilibria in slags

Experimental methods, based on electromagnetic levitation, have been developed for preparation and investigation of copper-rich alloys, and for the determination of oxide-metal phase equilibria. These techniques involve high-temperature equilibration, rapid quenching and chemical analysis of the phases using electron probe X-ray microanalysis. The experiments can be carried out in the temperature range 1373-1873 K (= 1100 degrees C-1600 degrees C). A developed calibration method, using phase equilibria data in known oxide systems, was applied for pyrometric temperature measurements. Described methods of the application of the electro-magnetic levitations were used for in-situ formation of Cu-based alloys and for formation of Ca-ferrite slags equilibrated with metallic copper.