N. I. Moskalenko

Comparative analysis of chemical composition and optical properties of gaseous and disperse phases of the Earth-group planetary atmospheres

Abstract The models of chemical composition and structure of the Earth-type planetary atmospheres are offered. The optical properties of gaseous and disperse phases of the atmospheres are investigated.

The atmospheric greenhouse effect and climates on various planets

The greenhouse effect of the planetary atmospheres is considered and its evolution as a result of variations in the chemical composition and in gas abundances of the atmospheres as well as in the chemical composition, size distribution and concentration of aerosol components. A computer modelling gave the values of the greenhouse effect of the atmospheres of the Earth, Mars, Venus, Jupiter, and Titan. It is shown that the atmospheric greenhouse effect plays a decisive role in the formation of the planetary climates and that it has substantially changed in the process of the planetary evolution. The greenhouse effect mechanism has always been and still is a major factor of the mean global planetary climate.

Optical properties of the Venusian atmosphere and radiative heat exchange

SummaryThe present paper considers the optical properties of the Venusian atmosphere (including the gaseous components, cloud formations and haze) and their effect on the radiative heat exchange. These calculations are based on recent data on structural parameters and on the composition of the Venusian atmosphere, and also on laboratory quantitative measurements of the radiation absorption characteristics of CO2. The molecular absorption was calculated by taking into account the hot bands, the induced absorption and the temperature dependence of the absorption. The results of a theoretical model of the optical properties of the Venusian atmosphere and clouds agree very well with the observative data. We report some results of the calculations of the vertical radiation flux profiles and of the affux of radiative heat.RiassuntoSi esegue un calcolo delle proprietà ottiche dell’atmosfera di Venere (compresi i componenti gassosi, le nubi e i vapori) e della loro influenza sul trasporto radiativo di calore. Questi calcoli si fondano sull’impiego dei piú recenti dati sui parametri di struttura e sulla composizione dell’atmosfera di Venere, ed anche su misure quantitative di laboratorio delle caratteristiche di assorbimento della radiazione da parte dell’acido carbonico. Si calcola l’assorbimento molecolare tenendo conto delle fasce calde, dell’assorbimento indotto e della dipendenza dell’assorbimento della temperatura. Le deduzioni del modello teorico delle proprietà ottiche dell’atmosfera di Venere e delle nubi concordano bene con i dati osservativi. Si riportano i risultati dei calcoli dei profili verticali dei flussi di radiazione e di calore raggiante affluente.РезюмеВьшолнены расчеты оптических свойств венерианской атмосферй (включая газовые компоненты, облака и дымку) и их влияния на радиационный теплообмен в атмосфере. Зти расчеты основаны на исполязоваии новейших данных о структурных параметрах и составе атмосферы Венеры, а также лабораторных измерений количественных характеристик поглощения радиашии углекислым газом. Вычисления молекулярного поглошения сделаны с учетом горячих полос, индуцированного поглощения и температурной зависимости поглощения. Обоснованы теоретические модели оптических свойств, венерианской атмосфепы и облаков, хорошо согласующиеся с данными наблюдений. Приведены резулщтаты расчетов вертикалщных профилей радиашионных потоков и лучистого притока тепла.

The correlation of the planetary atmosphere structural characteristics with their optical properties and radiative heat exchange peculiarities

Abstract The structure characteristics of the Earth-type planetary atmospheres are calculated solving the radiative heat exchange problem. Their correlations with the surface reflection characteristics and optical properties of their atmospheres are considered.

A comparative analysis of the volcanic impact on the climates of the Earth and Mars

The climatic impact of volcanic activity on the Earth and Mars is considered and a comparative analysis is made. The effect of gaseous components and of aerosols, formed in the process of the evolution of volcanic cloud, on the greenhouse effect and climate on the Earth and Mars is analyzed. A numerical modelling has shown that the climatic impact of volcanic activity depends on the optical properties (the extent of opacity of the atmospheric gaseous components and on the intensity of volcanic activity). In connection with sporadic variations in the intensity of volcanic activity, a temporal modulation of climate takes place with alternating periods of warming and cooling. An important role of SO2 and volcanic aerosols in the formation of climate in the presence of evolution of the Earth and Mars is revealed.