N. M. Blake

Phosphoglucomutase types in the Asian-Pacific area: a critical review including new phenotypes

The distribution of genetic variants at the PGM1 and PGM2 loci in South and East Asia, the Western Pacific and Australasia has been surveyed on the basis of published and unpublished material comprising samples from some 33,000 persons. A critical comparsion of previously described and of new rare alleles at both loci has been undertaken. The present number for PGM1 is 14 and for PGM2 is 12. Many of these have restricted geographic or ethnic distribution.

The Distribution of Blood, Serum Protein and Enzyme Groups on Manus Island (Admiralty Islands, New Guinea)

Blood samples from 45 Usiai and 138 Manus people on the Island of Manus, New Guinea, have been tested for the ABO, MN, Ss, Rh, P, Duffy, Kell and Gerbich blood-group systems, the haptoglobin, transfer

Genetic Studies on the Kolams of Andhra Pradesh, India

A total of 220 persons belonging to the Kolam tribe in the Adilabad District of northwest Andhra Pradesh have been tested for 18 red cell eyzyme systems and for haemoglobin. Generally, the gene frequencies for the systems which showed electrophoretic variation were within the range for Indian populations; the gene frequency for AK1 is high by Indian standards and Hb AS is present. LDH Calcutta 1 was not detected in this population and a single example of PHI 2-1 was observed.

Additional electrophoretic variants of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase

Summary6 new PGD alleles are described. 2 of these (PGDWantoat and PGDCanberra) control proteins that are electrophoretically slow: the other 4 control fast variants.The heterozygotes PGDA/PGDWantoat and PGDA/PGDCanberra give similar band spacing after starch gel electrophoresis, but the relative intensities of the bands in the 2 patterns is different.Of the 4 fast variant alleles PGDKadar controls a gene product with fastest mobility, PGDCaspian is slightly slower, whilst PGDBombay and PGDNatal are similar in the mobility of their gene products, but differ in their reaction to treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol. After treatment with this reagent patterns involving PGDNatal revert to normal. None of the other gene products of the PGD alleles tested are affected by treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol. PGDKadar was found to be polymorphic in the tribal Kadar population of south India. 3 distinctive new patterns were found in this population representing the homozygote PGDKadar/PGDKadar, the heterozygote PGDA/PGDKadar and the heterozygote PGDC/PGDKadar.ZusammenfassungEs werden 6 neue PGD-Allele beschrieben. 2 davon (PGDWantoat und PGDCanberra) sind Kontrollproteine, die elektrophoretisch langsam sind. Die 4 übrigen kontrollieren schnelle Variaten.Die Heterozygote PGDA/PGDWantoat und PGDA/PGDCanberra zeigen einen ähnlichen Abstand der Banden bei Stärkegelelektrophoresis, jedoch sind die relativen Intensitäten der Streifen in beiden Mustern verschieden.Von den 4 schnellen Allelvarianten kontrolliert PGDKadar ein Genprodukt mit schnellster Mobilität; PGDCaspian wirkt etwas langsamer, und sowohl PGDBombay als auch PGDNatal zeigen eine ähnliche Wandlungsgeschwindigkeit, obwohl sie unter Behandlung mit 2-Mercaptoethanol verschieden reagieren. Nach Behandlung mit diesem Reagens werden Muster mit PGDNatal wieder normal. Keine der anderen Genprodukte, der PGD-Allele, die hier geprüft werden, werden durch Behandlung mit 2-Mercaptoethanol beeinflußt. PGDKadar stellte sich in der Kadar-Sippenbevölkerung Südindiens als polymorph heraus. 3 ausgeprägte neue Muster wurden in dieser Bevölkerung entdeckt, nämlich: der Homozygote PGDKadar/PGDKadar, der Heterozygote PGDA/PGDKadar und der Heterozygote PGDC/PGDKadar.

Glutamic pyruvic transaminase and esterase D types in the Asian-Pacific area.

SummaryMore than 11000 blood samples have been examined for glutamicpyruvic transaminase (GPT) and almost 9000 for Esterase D (EsD) in the Asian-Pacific area; GPT3 and GPT6 were detected in several population groups in New Guinea, Singapore and some Pacific islands. No previously undescribed alleles were found in either system.

Distribution of genetic variants of erythrocyte phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) among some population groups in south-east Asia and Oceania

More than 4000 blood samples from populations in Japan, Micronesia, Singapore, West Irian, New Guinea and Australia have ben typed for phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and phosphohexose isomerase (PHI)

The Distribution of some Enzyme Group Systems Among Parsis and Iranis in Bombay

A total of 418 Parsis and 48 Zoroastrian Iranis were sampled in Bombay and tested for 9 red cell enzyme systems controlled by genes at 11 loci. There were marked differences between Parsis and Iranis

Distribution of Blood, Serum Protein and Enzyme Groups among the Fuyuge Speakers of the Goilala Sub-District

A series of blood samples for Fuyuge speakers in Papua New Guinea have been tested for genetic variation in haemoglobin and in 8 blood groups, 5 serum protein and 15 enzyme systems, the latter being c

Genetic Survey of an Isolated Community in Bali, Indonesia

320 adults and children of an isolated community of Bali, Indonesia, have been tested for blood groups ABO, Rh, MNS, P, Lewis, Duffy, Kell, for haptoglobin and transferrin and for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies. Phenotype distribution and gene frequencies are given for the total population tested and for two subgroups representative of the inbred population of the isolate and of the non-inbred part of the population. Significant differences between the two subgroups show a clear genetic drift in the inbred population. The study brings biological support to the ethnological hypothesis of population migrations in this area. Tests for hepatitis B surface antigen reveal a lower prevalence of the disease than in most other south-east Asian populations.

Genetic Studies on the Chenchu Tribe of Andhra Pradesh, India

A total of almost 200 members of a tribal group, the Chenchu from the Mahabubnagar and Kurnool districts of Andhra Pradesh, have been tested for electrophoretic variation in a number of red cell enzyme systems. The former population has also been tested for ABO, MN and Rh blood group systems and for the serum proteins Hp, Tf and albumin. The most significant findings were the presence of the gene ry, and the occurrence of a polymorphism in PHI with the variant gene PHI5 having a gene frequency of 4%.