N. Nahar

Effect of soluble dietary fibre fraction of Trigonella foenum graecum on glycemic, insulinemic, lipidemic and platelet aggregation status of Type 2 diabetic model rats.

The soluble dietary fibre (SDF) fraction of Trigonella foenum graecum (Tf-sdf) has previously been shown to reduce postprandial elevation in blood glucose level of Type 2 model diabetic rats by delaying the digestion of sucrose. The Tf-sdf has now been investigated for its chronic effect on serum fructosamine, insulin and lipid levels, and on platelet aggregation in Type 2 diabetic rats. Tf-sdf was administered orally twice daily at a dose of 0.5 g kg(-1) for 28 days. It lowered the serum fructosamine level (P<0.05) with no significant change in the insulin level as compared with the control. Atherogenic lipids, i.e. triglycerides, cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were found to decrease significantly in Tf-sdf fed rats (P<0.01). HDL-cholesterol showed an opposite trend (P=0.024), but serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) values paralleled the atherogenic lipids (P=0.001). No significant effect on platelet aggregation (%) was found although there was a tendency to lower the aggregation (P=0.069). It is concluded that Tf-sdf has a beneficial effect on dyslipidemia and has a tendency to inhibit platelet aggregation in Type 2 model diabetic rats.

Advanced studies on the hypoglycemic effect of Caesalpinia bonducella F. in type 1 and 2 diabetes in Long Evans rats

Caesalpinia bonducella, widely distributed throughout the coastal region of India and used ethnically by the tribal people of India for controlling blood sugar was earlier reported by us to possess hypoglycemic activity in animal model. This prompted us to undertake a detail study with the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the seeds of this plant in both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus in Long Evans rats. Significant blood sugar lowering effect (P < 0.05) of C. bonducella was observed in type 2 diabetic model. Special emphasis was given on the mechanistic study by gut absorption of glucose and liver glycogen.

Three Megastigmane Glycosides from the Leaves of Pterospermum semisagittatum

Abstract Pterospermum semisagittatum leaves yielded three megastigmane glycosides (Z)-4-[3′-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy) butylidene]-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (1), (E)-4-[3′-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)butylidene]-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (2) and (E)-4-hydroxy-4-[3′-(β-D-glucopyrano syloxy)butylidene]-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (3). Their structures were established by detailed spectroscopic studies. Compound 3 showed a significant insulin releasing effect on rat pancreatic islets.

915 STRATIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS FOR NEPHROPATHY IN HYPERTENSIVE DIABETICS

Objectives: Significant proportion of diabetics develop nephropathy in time and hypertension is considered as an adverse influencing factor.The aim was to identify risk factors related to possible deterioration in renal function among Bangladeshi type 2 diabetic hypertensive (DH) subjects. Method: Diabetic subjects with normal renal function (estimated GFR ≥60 ml/min and urinary albumin <30 mg/day) were included in this cross sectional study. Hypertension was taken as BP ≥140/90mmHg when untreated or taking ≥2 antihypertensives. Results: In DH group 342 and another 496 normotensive diabetic (DM) as control group were included. The comparisons between 2 groups respectively showed systolic BP 130 ± 14 vs. 118 ± 11 and diastolic BP 80 ± 7 vs. 76 ± 6, mmHg; (p < 0.001). The diabetes duration was 8 ± 5 vs. 8 ± 4 yrs, HbA1c 8.1 ± 1.8 vs. 7.1 ± 1.3, %; Serum creatinine (SCr) 0.9 ± 0.1 vs. 0.9 ± 0.2, mg/dl and LDL 103 ± 35 vs. 99 ± 37, mg/dl; (P =NS) were similar. The differences in 2 groups, though mostly clinically less significant, were for age 55 ± 8 vs. 53 ± 8 yrs, (p < 0.001); BMI 25 ± 4 vs. 24 ± 2 kg/m2, (p < 0.03); 24hr urinary albumin (Uralb) 10.9 ± 6.4 vs. 9.6 ± 6.4 mg/day (p < 0.01) and estimated GFR 80 ± 20 vs. 84 ± 21 ml/ming/1.73m2, (p < 0.004). Bivariate correlations showed only age had a negative association with SCr, Uralb and eGFR. Further stratification showed around 65% from both DH and DM groups was in the lower range of eGFR (60-90 ml/min).When DH group was compared for eGFR above and below 90 ml/min (33 vs. 67%), no difference was seen for most of the clinical or laboratory parameters (systolic 129 ± 12 vs. 130 ± 14 & diastolic BP 80 ± 7 vs. 79 ± 7, mmHg; and SCr 0.7 ± 0.1 vs. 0.9 ± 0.1, mg/dl; p = NS) Conclusion: It is found that majority of type 2 diabetics with hypertension had lower normal renal function which could only be identified by estimating GFR. Both groups of high and low renal function had similar traditional clinical and laboratory parameters. Additional tools are needed to stratify which of the hypertensives are more at risk for developing nephropathy.