N. P. Prorokova

The Problem of Cyclic Oligomers in Dyeing and Processing Polyester and Ways of Solving It

Approaches to reducing the content of oligomers on the surface of PET fibres are substantiated. The first one is based on reducing surface sorption of oligomers on the fibre by rational selection of textile auxiliaries for dyeing polyester fabric and creating new preparations based on them; the second consists of chemical decyclization of the oligomers by use of catalysts of ammonolysis and hydrolysis in low concentrations. A method of eliminating cyclic oligomers and unfixed dye from the surface of the dyed textile material was developed based on use of aqueous solutions of ammonia in 0.04-0.06% concentration. Technology is created for giving polyester fibres stable antistatic properties, and this significantly reduces its resistivity from 2.8·1014 to 2.68·109Ω.

Principles of Development of Composite Leveling Agents for Batch Dyeing of Polyester Fibre Materials

It was found that a migration effect is the basic criterion for selecting leveling agents in batch dyeing of polyester. Highly efficient Triv 1 and Triv 2 leveling agents were created with the selected criteria and used for batch dyeing of polyester knitted fabric.

Criteria for assessing the leveling effect of agents used for batch dyeing of synthetic fibrous materials

Various methods for assessing the performance of levelers in batch dyeing of synthetic fibrous materials were analyzed. Criteria most suitable for technological and scientific applications were chosen.

The New Levelling Agent Ivalon K. Evaluation of the Effectiveness

The uniformity and color fastness of polyamide tricot in the presence of a new leveling agent, Ivalon K, was examined. The effect of Ivalon K is as good as the highly recommended, expensive imported leveling agent Lyogen PAM and is suitable for use in industrial conditions.

The New Leveling Agent Ivalon K. Mechanism of the Leveling Action

The mechanism of the leveling action of Ivalon K was investigated. It was found that the leveling effect of the product is primarily determined by its anion-active constituent, while the high migration of dye into the fibre material is due to its nonionogenic component.

Effect of Surfactants on Migration of Cyclic Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Oligomers During Dyeing of Polyester Fabric

The effect of SF of different natures and degree of oxyethylation on the content of cyclic oligomers in a fibre and diffusion and sorption of disperse dyes was investigated. The characteristics obtained can be used for purposeful selection of SF in creating preparations for dyeing polyester.

Nature of the effect of decreasing the electrical resistance of polyethylene terephthalate with aqueous solutions of ammonia

The nature of the effect of decreasing the electrical resistance of polyester fibres with low-concentration solutions of ammonia at high temperature was investigated. The results obtained suggest that the stable antistatic effect obtained is due to the formation of a conducting layer on the surface of the polymer as a result of partial ammonolysis and hydrolysis of surface cyclic oligomers.