N. V. Semenova

Antioxidant potential of the blood in men with obstructive sleep breathing disorders.

We studied the state of the LPO–antioxidant defense system in men aged from 46 to 55 years. The main group included patients with obstructive sleep breathing disorders. The state of the antioxidant defense system was assessed by measuring the blood levels of LPO substrates with conjugated double bonds, conjugated dienes, ketodienes and conjugated trienes, MDA, retinol, α-tocopherol, reduced and oxidized glutathione, SOD activity, and the level of total antioxidant activity of blood. Calculation of antioxidant potential helps to identify the processes of “oxidative stress” in the main group, which is a pathogenetic substantiation for including antioxidant drugs in the complex therapy of patients with OSBD.

Pathogenic Role of Melatonin in Sleep Disorders in Menopausal Women

The data on circadian rhythms of melatonin secretion in women of perimenopausal (n = 39) and postmenopausal (n = 52) age are presented. Each group was divided into control (without sleep disorders) and main group (with sleep disorders). The saliva was collected 4 times a day (6.00-7.00, 12.00-13.00, 18.00-19.00, 23.00-24.00). The study revealed an association between sleep disorders and decreased level of melatonin only in women of perimenopausal age.

Lipid Status and Predisposing Genes in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 from Various Ethnic Groups

The peculiarities of HLA class II profile and lipid metabolism were examined in Buryat and Russian ethnic groups of patients with diabetes mellitus type 1. The incidence of type 1 haplotypes in HLA class II gene family was lower in Buryats than that in Russians. In comparison with Russians, the course of diabetes mellitus type 1 in Buryat patients was characterized with a lower content of total lipids, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, and LDL, which probably explains a more favorable course of the disease in Buryat population.

Gender differences in parameters of lipid metabolism and of level of antioxidants in groups of juveniles—the Even and the Europeans

There was performed a comparative evaluation of the mean values of lipid metabolism parameters in youths and girls of the indigenous population (the Even), of the coming population of the north of Irkutsk province, and of the province center (the Europeoids). Gender differences in HDLP have been revealed in adolescents of the coming population, in the glutathione status and the content of liposoluble vitamins in the Even and coming adolescents and in retinol concentration in the province center adolescents. Adaptive changes in the ROS system were found in the Even girls (the higher α-tocopherol and GSH concentrations and the GSH/GSSG ratio as well as a decrease of GSSG relative to the Even youths and the coming population girls, an increase of α-tocopherol relatively to the coming population Europeoids) and youth of the coming population (the higher GSH content and the GSH/GSSG parameter relatively to the Even youths).

Indicators of pituitary-thyroid system and lipid metabolism in female representatives of the Buryat ethnos and Europeoids

Specific features of indicators of the thyroid status and blood serum lipoprotein level were revealed in girls and women of the Buryat ethnos and Europeoid race. Buryat versus Europeoid females develop adaptive responses of the pituitary-thyroid part of the neuroendocrine regulatory system (increased free T3 levels in girls and decreased TTH levels in women). Changes in lipid metabolism indicators consist in lower levels of atherogenic cholesterol fractions in Buryat girls and higher levels of cholesterol-containing blood components in Europeoid adolescents. At the older ages, an inverse tendency is observed, characterized by a higher activity of lipid metabolism in females of the indigenous nationality.

Intensity of Oxidative Stress in Mongoloid and Caucasian Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Specific features of LPO were studied in Mongoloid and Caucasian patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The intensity of LPO in Mongoloid patients was lower than in Caucasians: the level of primary and intermediate products was by lower 1.53 and 1.83 times, while total antioxidant activity was elevated by 1.44 times, which was also supported by oxidative stress coefficient (1.35 in Mongoloids and 2.32 in Caucasians). These differences suggest that differentiated approach is required for the treatment of these patients.

Adaptive reactions of lipid metabolism in indigenous and non-indigenous female individuals of tofalarian population living under extreme environmental conditions

Age-dependent peculiarities of lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense mechanisms of lipid peroxidation are examined in indigenous versus non-indigenous female individuals of the Tofalaria’s population. The results indicate the specificity of lipid metabolism changes not only in response to different length of exposure to climatic factors but in different ethnic groups. Thus, in native Tofalarian girls, unlike incomers, there occurs an activation of adaptive-compensatory processes as evidenced by a statistically significant decrease in the blood atherogenic fractions and overall activation of the antioxidant defense system. Although with age the reactions of lipid peroxidation change in both ethnic groups, in non-indigenous females these changes are more pronounced.

Antioxidant Status in Adolescents of Small Siberian Ethnoses

The components of the antioxidant defense (AOD) system were analyzed in 74 male and female adolescents representing small ethnic groups that inhabit the territory of Eastern Siberia. Our findings indicate a dependence of the antioxidant status indicators on gender and ethnic identity of test subjects. More adaptive variants of the AOD system’s functioning were found in Tofalar boys (elevated levels of fat-soluble vitamins, increased glutathione system activity), whereas Evenk boys were characterized by a decreased activity of antioxidant factors (low α-tocopherol and retinol supply, glutathione system imbalance), as compared both to girls and Tofalar boys. The changes revealed in this group were also supported by increased values of the oxidative stress index.

Features of compensatory-adaptive reactions of an organism in female representatives of the Evenk ethnos

Adolescent girls and women of reproductive age, female representatives of the Evenk ethnos and Europeoids that co-inhabit the north of the Irkutsk oblast, were examined. Changes in metabolic reactions in the small indigenous ethnic group were found to have a more adaptive character than in the Europeoids. In the Evenk vs. Europeoid girls, an increased activity both of glucocorticoid function of the adrenal glands and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense system was detected. In spite of the higher total cholesterol (TCh) level in women vs. girls in both ethnic groups, in the Evenk group TCh tended to decline. Changes in the antioxidant defense system of the Evenk women manifested themselves as an increased total antioxidant activity of blood vs. Europeoids as well as higher TCh and lower retinol levels vs. adolescent girls.

Adaptive-compensatory responses in the adolescents belonging to indigenous northern ethnic groups in Irkutsk oblast

The pro- and antioxidant statuses of apparently healthy adolescent Tofalar and Evenks of both sexes has been estimated and compared to those of the newcomer Caucasian people. Both girls and boys display an activation of adaptive-compensatory response relative to Caucasian newcomers, which manifests itself as a statistically significant increase in nonenzymatic components of the antioxidant defense system.