Nabilah Ibrahim

Visualization on Colour Based Flow Vector of Thermal Image for Movement Detection during Interactive Session

Recently thermal imaging is exploited in applications such as motion and face detection. It has drawn attention many researchers to build such technology to improve lifestyle. This work proposed a technique to detect and identify a motion in sequence images for the application in security monitoring system or outdoor surveillance. Conventional system might cause false information with the present of shadow. Thus, methods employed in this work are Canny edge detector method, Lucas Kanade and Horn Shunck algorithms, to overcome the major problem when using thresholding method, which is only intensity or pixel magnitude is considered instead of relationships between the pixels. The results obtained could be observed in flow vector parameter and the segmentation colour based image for the time frame from 1 to 10 seconds. The visualization of both the parameters clarified the movement and changes of pixel intensity between two frames by the supportive colour segmentation, either in smooth or rough motion. Thus, this technique may contribute to others application such as biometrics, military system, and surveillance machine.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation on Blood Velocity and Vorticity of Venous Valve Behaviour

In this work, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to analyze the effect of different opening between two valves of a normal popliteal vein. This study was focusing on the velocity and also vorticity of blood along the popliteal vein distribution. Based on the observation and analysis of the data, the different size of orifice between the first valve and second valve influencing the velocity and vorticity of the blood flow. The rotational motion of blood particle at the same spot will increasing the probability of blood accumulating which helping in development of thrombus. The effect of the irregularities in the blood flow will cause valve insufficiency that will lead to various disease related to venous vessel such as heart attack, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE)and the worst is death. A series of experiment has been conducted by changing the size of valve orifice for the first and second valve along the vein distribution. The result of the CFD simulation shows a significant result of blood flow in term of velocity and vorticity.

Study of Vein Mechanism on Pregnancy Condition for Early Diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis

In this paper, the study is conducted as an effort to provide better visualization of ‎vein mechanism properties between healthy subjects and pregnant subjects. Here, ‎it is proposed to evaluate the vessel condition for the pregnant subject ‎and comparison to the healthy subject is done. Pregnancy had been one ‎of the risk factor that contributes to the development of thrombus in the vessel ‎which called Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). The DVT condition usually ‎diagnosed using the ultrasound which is non-invasive, by monitoring the ‎development of thrombus in the vessel. In this study, evaluation on two important ‎parameters which are the measurement of the vessel wall displacement and also ‎the blood flow velocity in the vein was done. It is believed that these two ‎elements are crucial to construct a clinical model of Deep Vein Thrombosis ‎‎(DVT) risk factor, which constitutes an important contribution for predicting ‎probability of the development of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and help in ‎preventing this condition.

Vein mechanism simulation study for deep vein thrombosis early diagnosis using CFD

Using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique, this work focus on the analysis of pressure, velocity, and vorticity of blood flow along the popliteal vein. Since the study of early stage of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) becomes essential to prevent the pulmonary embolism (PE), those three parameters are analysed to assess the effect of different opening between two valves of a normal popliteal vein. When only one valve is simulated, the result of pressure shows that the highest and lowest velocities are 15.45 cm/s and 0.73 cm/s, respectively. From the visualization of observed data, however, the different size of orifice between the first and second valves influencing the velocity and vorticity of the blood flow. The rotational motion of blood particle at the same region increases the probability of blood accumulating which is associated with the development of thrombus. Thus, a series of experiment has been conducted by changing the size of valve orifice for the first and second valves along the vein distribution. The result of the CFD simulation shows a significant variation in blood flow in terms of velocity and vorticity.

Performance of nickel-based oxygen carrier produced using renewable fuel aloe vera

Consuming and burning of fuel mainly fossil fuel has gradually increased in this upcoming era due to high-energy demand and causes the global warming. One of the most effective ways to reduce the greenhouse gases is by capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) during the combustion process. Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is one of the most effective methods to capture the CO2 without the need of an energy intensive air separation unit. This method uses oxygen carrier to provide O2 that can react with fuel to form CO2 and H2O. This research focuses on synthesizing NiO/NiAl2O4 as an oxygen carrier due to its properties that can withstand high temperature during CLC application. The NiO/NiAl2O4 powder was synthesized using solution combustion method with plant extract renewable fuel, aloe vera as the fuel. In order to optimize the performance of the particles that can be used in CLC application, various calcination temperatures were varied at 600°C, 800°C, 1050°C and 1300°C. The phase and morphology of obtained powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Microscopy (FESEM) respectively together with the powder elements. In CLC application, high reactivity can be achieved by using smaller particle size of oxygen carrier. This research succeeded in producing nano-structured powder with high crystalline structure at temperature 1050°C which is suitable to be used in CLC application.

Analysis on MET Value Due to the Relation Between Echocardiogram (ECG) Signal and Human Physical Activities

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal provides a lot of information about the cardiac functions through its patterns displayed. Besides to use ECG for cardiovascular diseases diagnostic function, the use of ECG has extended to wider areas such as monitoring the performance of athletes, lie detections, human authentication, stresses and emotion measurement. Moreover, from the ECG signal, the heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) and R-R intervals can be obtained and relate these physiological response value with human physical activities. Thus, the using of an electrocardiogram (ECG) device or wearable ECG monitor to diagnose the heart condition for the training performance evaluation is desirable. The result is recorded and assessed by analyzer (prototype of this project) for diagnosis. This work employs the Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET) to perform the level of physiological activities from volunteers. Any deviation from target heart rate value indicate the current physiological condition proportional to result of training level (either achieved the target already or need to add more the intensity, load, and duration of training). Thus, this work will assess and evaluate the proposed physical activity performance based on the assessment of ECG signal during exercise.

Initial Study to Evaluate Fuzzy Logic on Diagnosis of Generic Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up inside the arteries that eventually intend to be hardened over time thus narrows the arteries. This work is to develop an atherosclerosis diagnosis system using fuzzy logic and to construct a prototype of atherosclerosis risk monitor. Simultaneously, the system is validated by comparing the result obtained from the system and the one from the prototype. Five membership functions are setup such as age, body mass index (BMI), intima-media thickness (IMT), blood pressure and blood glucose level, from 20 volunteers males and females. The output fuzzy sets are divided into Healthy, Low risk, Mid risk, High risk, and Very high risk. This leads to the awareness level of people thus improve the societal health. The constructed prototype is validated by inserting the data and reconfirmed the diagnosed result on the display. It showed that the prototype has 95% realibility since the output of the system is calculated with 100% low risk (LR) of atherosclerosis.

Quantitative ultrasound venous valve movement: early diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis

The purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth analysis of computer aided system for the early diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). Normally, patients are diagnosed with DVT through ultrasound examination after they have a serious complication. Thus, this study proposes a new approach to reduce the risk of recurrent DVT by tracking the venous valve movement behaviour. Inspired by image processing technology, several image processing methods namely, image enhancement, segmentation and morphological have been implemented to improve the image quality for further tracking procedure. In segmentation, Otsu thresholding provides a significant result in segmenting valve structure. Subsequently, morphological dilation method is able to enhance the region shape of the valve distinctly and precisely. Lastly, image subtraction method is presented and evaluated to track the valve movement. Based on the experimental results the normal range of valve velocity lies within the range of blood flow velocity (Vb) and occasionally may result in higher values.

Study of Vessel Conditions for Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Diagnosis According to Body Mass Index

In this paper, the clinical experiment study is presented to diagnose Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). The diagnosis of DVT is commonly conducted by monitoring the blood velocity and present of thrombus in vessel from B-mode ultrasound image associated with the Doppler ultrasound. Since it is difficult to recognize the vessel condition at the early stage of DVT, this study is proposed to evaluate the vein mechanism based on different BMI categories at the early stage of DVT. The wall displacement and blood flow velocity is considered to be the important parameters to construct a clinical model of DVT risk factor, thereby constitutes an important contribution for predicting probability of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT).

Study of vein mechanism based on different body mass index and Deep Vein Thrombosis condition

In this research study, clinical experimental study of non-invasive assessment of in vivo vessel valve behaviour is presented to diagnose the early stage of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). The DVT is commonly diagnosed by using the clinical diagnosis conducted by the physician, D-dimer test, impedance plethysmography and etc. However, in current technologies, the DVT had been diagnosed using ultrasound, which is considered to be non-invasive and low cost compared to other methods available. Thus, in this particular research, assessments of the vessel wall displacement and elasticity using ultrasound has been proposed. The vessel wall displacement and elasticity are considered to be important parameters to construct a clinical model of DVT risk factor. Those vein mechanisms were evaluated on the subject with no history of DVT and also subject that has DVT. The measurement obtained from the subjects has been compared as to construct a clinical model of DVT risk factor. Therefore, this particular research study is important in the contribution for predicting the probability of DVT on a human at the early stage.