Nadia Crittenden

A review of the construct of computer experience

This paper reviews and evaluates current definitions and methods used to assess computer experience. The authors argue that most studies reported in the literature have adopted measures that assess what they term objective computer experience, rather than subjective computer experience. A bi-dimensional view of computer experience is proposed, with emphasis placed on the development of a measure of subjective computer experience.

Actively influencing consumer loyalty

Previous attempts to enhance consumer loyalty have failed, including point reward schemes such as frequent fliers. In response to the poor performance of existing loyalty programs, this study explores an alternative way of actively influencing consumer loyalty and subsequent purchase behavior. A field experiment was conducted on 240 customers of a theater subscription, using a Solomon Four Group design to evaluate the impact of an intervention on loyalty and subsequent purchase behavior. The intervention increased levels of perceived approachability and responsiveness to customer voice. Initial results indicated that greater perceived approachability and responsiveness led to greater loyalty toward the theater, and greater purchase behavior.

A maze of metaphors around glass ceilings

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review many of the diverse metaphors and labels that are used to highlight insights into glass ceilings – the obstacles hindering women reaching the top levels of organizations.Design/methodology/approach – The development of metaphors and labels related to theories about the causes and consequences of glass ceilings are discussed. They are classified according to whether or not they infer women play a role in creating glass ceilings.Findings – It is concluded that most metaphor‐linked explanations focus on discrimination and prejudice towards women seeking leadership positions. A small number of metaphors target characteristics of women as causes for the gender inequality in leadership and upper management.Practical implications – Even though there is a plethora of metaphors highlighting obstacles and prejudice against women leaders and several metaphors have been part of the popular lexicon for at least three decades, metaphors do not appear to have greatly help...

How are women's glass ceiling beliefs related to career success?

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to test the concurrent criterion validity of a new measure, the Career Pathways Survey (CPS) by exploring how womens glass ceiling beliefs are related to five major indicators of subjective career success: career satisfaction, happiness, psychological wellbeing, physical health and work engagement (WE).Design/methodology/approach – Data from a cross‐sectional study of 258 women working in Australian organizations were analyzed. The participants completed the CPS and measures of subjective career success. The CPS assesses four sets of beliefs about glass ceilings: denial, resilience, acceptance and resignation.Findings – Regression analyses showed denial was positively associated with career satisfaction and WE; resignation was negatively related to happiness and both emotional and physical wellbeing; resilience had positive relationships with happiness and WE; acceptance was negatively related to WE. The findings provide support for the hypotheses and the concurrent...

Measuring women's beliefs about glass ceilings: development of the Career Pathways Survey

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a new measure called the Career Pathways Survey (CPS) which allows quantitative comparisons of womens beliefs about glass ceilings.Design/methodology/approach – A 34‐item version of the CPS was completed by 243 women from all levels of management, mostly in Australia. An expanded 38‐item CPS was administered to another sample of women (n=307).Findings – Analyses of data from both studies yielded a four factor model of attitudes to glass ceilings: resilience, acceptance, resignation and denial. The factors demonstrated good internal consistency.Practical implications – The CPS allows a comparison of positive attitudes towards seeking promotions via resilience and denial scores, and provides feedback on negative attitudes towards seeking promotions via resignation and acceptance scores.Social implications – This new measure can be recommended for studies of womens and mens attitudes towards gender inequality in organizational leadership. Also, it could pl...