Naim Syla

Density and refractive index study of the ternary system benzene-ethanol-hexane

Densities, ρ, and refractive indices, nD, of the ternary liquid mixture benzene (1) + ethanol (2) + hexane (3), have been measured at temperature of 293.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The changes in the refractive indices have also been measured with temperature in the range T = (293.15 to 313.15) K. The mole fraction of the second component (ethanol) was set to 0.4, while the mole fractions of the remaining components were changed so as to cover the whole composition range. Excess molar volumes, VE, and deviations in the refractive indices from the volume fraction average, ΔnD, have been calculated for each investigated temperature and compared with others in literature. In all cases, VE was positive and ΔnD were negative and both showed deviations from ideality. Furthermore, refractive indices of the ternary liquid mixture were predicted by using several theoretical and empirical mixing rules, and the obtained results were discussed in terms of average percentage deviations.

The Microstructure and Hardness of Hot Dip Galvanized Steel During Wire Drawing

The steel wire samples are hot‐dip‐galvanized. The zinc coating is preformed using the standard method. To recognize the behavior of the zinc coated steel wire during the submission to deformation, the wire samples are drawn on a machine designed for this aim and then investigated. In this research is represented the phase structure of the zinc coated samples. Afterwards the thickness of the layer and the hardness of the hot‐dip galvanized steel depending on the drawing is represented.