Naine Martins do Vale

Genetic gain in agronomic traits of common bean in the region of Planalto Catarinense

The purpose of this study was to predict the genetic progress in the selection for common bean agronomic traits based on the trait expression, using two indices of adaptive selection. The existence of correlation between various traits in common bean breeding is a major restriction, but some tools that allow breeders to predict the expected gains could optimize results. The following traits were evaluated: (1) plant cycle (days), (2) plant height (in cm), (3) stem diameter (cm), (4) insertion of the first pod (cm); (5) number of pods per plant; (6) number of grains per pod; (7) pod length (cm). Results show the possibility of selecting accessions for several agronomically important traits evaluated together. The only genotype selected by both indices was UDESC 03, confirming the possibility of selecting plants with superior agronomic traits among genotypes of common bean landraces.

Rendimento de grãos em feijão preto: o componente que mais interfere no valor fenotípico é o ambiente

This study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic variance components for grain yield characters on the sense to be useful for breeding programs, and verify the genetic sensibilility among genotypes of black beans group. The grain yield character was evaluated in twelve black beans genotypes in ten environments of the Santa Catarina Estate through the REML / BLUP method. With the phenotypic variance components decomposition it was possible to provide additional information than traidicionally utilized in line evaluations for grain yield character. The highest grain yield average and the highest predicted value was obtain at genotype BRS Campeiro, which may be suitable for all evaluated environments. In the environments 1 (2004/Canoinhas), 2 (2005/Canoinhas), 9 (2004/Ponte Serrada) e 10 (2005/Ponte Serrada) higher grain yield has been obtained above general mean in all evaluated genotypes. The genotypes CHP 9858, CHP 9859, CHP 9954 and CHP 9965 presented specific adaptability to environment 6 (2005/Ituporanga).

Efeito de ambiente sobre a produtividade de feijão carioca para o Estado de Santa Catarina

Quinze genotipos de feijao (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) foram caracterizados quanto a adaptabilidade e estabilidade de rendimento de graos em cinco ambientes, para cada epoca de semeadura (safra e safrinha), em 2006 e 2007. Foram empregados os metodos de Eberhart e Russel (1966) e Wricke e Weber (1986). Os resultados indicaram a ocorrencia de forte interacao genotipo x ambiente, com reflexos em apenas quatro genotipos de feijao com baixa estabilidade de rendimento de graos quando cultivados no periodo recomendado para cultura (safra), principalmente em consequencia dos valores significativos dos desvios da regressao observados. Com base nos resultados, e possivel indicar os genotipos CHC 97-29 (safra), FAM 03 e CHC 97-15 (safrinha) para cultivo na Regiao Sul do Brasil, uma vez que houve alto rendimento de graos e insensibilidade a alteracoes de ambiente. Para cultivo na safra, FAM 03 deve ser recomendado aos agricultores altamente tecnificados, pois e responsivo significativamente as melhorias de ambiente quando cultivados na epoca recomendada para cultura.

Concentrações salinas combinadas com tempos de hidratação: efeito no tempo de cocção em feijão

This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding different doses of NaCl in hydration water, during different times, in order to reduce cooking time. Although considered a major producer and one of the largest bean consumers, Brazil has been experiencing a gradual decrease in consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to facilitate the preparation of beans to increase its consumption and production. This study was conducted at the experimental area of the Institute of Molecular Genetics and Plant Breeding at UDESC - IMEGEM, in the city of Lages, SC-Brazil. We evaluated the effect of three doses of NaCL (0, 50 e 125 g L-1) in two genotypes of beans (Perola and IPR Uirapuru), hydrated at three different times (0.5, 9, and 18 hours). The results revealed a significant effect of the NaCl doses on cooking time reduction. The addition of 56.50 g L-1 of NaCl is sufficient to significantly reduce the cooking time. The soaking of bean grains provided reduction in cooking time, and the maximum hydration was attained after 12.5 hours of soaking regardless of the genotype evaluated.

Quantile regression for genome-wide association study of flowering time-related traits in common bean

Flowering is an important agronomic trait. Quantile regression (QR) can be used to fit models for all portions of a probability distribution. In Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), QR can estimate SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) effects on each quantile of interest. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters and to use QR to identify genomic regions for phenological traits (Days to first flower—DFF; Days for flowering—DTF; Days to end of flowering—DEF) in common bean. A total of 80 genotypes of common beans, with 3 replicates were raised at 4 locations and seasons. Plants were genotyped for 384 SNPs. Traditional single-SNP and 9 QR models, ranging from equally spaced quantiles (τ) 0.1 to 0.9, were used to associate SNPs to phenotype. Heritabilities were moderate high, ranging from 0.32 to 0.58. Genetic and phenotypic correlations were all high, averaging 0.66 and 0.98, respectively. Traditional single-SNP GWAS model was not able to find any SNP-trait association. On the other hand, when using QR methodology considering one extreme quantile (τ = 0.1) we found, respectively 1 and 7, significant SNPs associated for DFF and DTF. Significant SNPs were found on Pv01, Pv02, Pv03, Pv07, Pv10 and Pv11 chromosomes. We investigated potential candidate genes in the region around these significant SNPs. Three genes involved in the flowering pathways were identified, including Phvul.001G214500, Phvul.007G229300 and Phvul.010G142900.1 on Pv01, Pv07 and Pv10, respectively. These results indicate that GWAS-based QR was able to enhance the understanding on genetic architecture of phenological traits (DFF and DTF) in common bean.

Combining ability of common bean parents in different seasons, locations and generations

The objectives of this study were to obtain information about genetic parameters of a partial diallel in common bean, as well as to evaluate the effects of growing seasons, locations and generations in these estimates in order to define the best strategies for the use of diallel analysis as methodology of selection of parents and populations in common bean breeding. Twelve parents were crossed in a partial diallel scheme (5 × 7), and the F1 and F2 generations were evaluated in four experiments (I, II, III, and IV). The effects of seasons were determined in the Experiments I and II, in which the F1 generation was evaluated in two distinct growing seasons. To quantify the effect of locations, we used Experiments III and IV, in which the F2 generation was evaluated in the same season, but at different locations, and to quantify the effect of generations, the experiments II (generation F1) and III (F2 generation) were evaluated in the same season and location. As for grain yield the genetic control varied according to the environment. An effect of interaction on the genetic parameters of the diallel was observed for generation, whereas for grain yield, effects of season and location were observed. For plant architecture, parental combining ability should therefore be estimated using the F1 generation, while for grain yield, both the F1 and F2 can be used. The recombination between the best hybrids is a promising strategy for extraction of superior black bean lines.