Nancy Ramacciotti de Oliveira-Monteiro

Reflexões sobre pró-socialidade, resiliência e psicologia positiva

This article calls upon a reflection about pro-sociability, resilience and positive psychology, also covering the development of young people in so-called risk territories. It displays studies about pro-sociability that have been developed since 1980, as well as about education directed to pro-social behaviors and prevention of antisocial behaviors. It relates pro-sociability both to developmental and Social Psychology, pointing to critical questions involved in the concept of pro-sociability (in the same way as the construct of resilience), and its connection with ideology. It reminds us that specific studies about pro-sociability are not yet found in Brazil. Resilience is seen as a positive adaptation despite adversities. Our study makes a brief revision of the ecological theory on human development, which emphasizes the value of psychological processes in their relationships with multi-determined environments, seeking to understand the development of the person beyond the biological factors. It also presents reflections on the problems related to the development of youngsters in risk territories in Brazil. It recommends, as a mechanism for the promotion of resilience, the introduction of learning models in pro-sociability, possibly reaching different levels of ecological systems

Psychological Indicators and Perceptions of Adolescents in Residential Care

A institucionalizacao de adolescentes e referida na literatura em seus aspectos negativos e positivos. Com objetivo de avaliar indicadores psicologicos e percepcoes do acolhimento, este estudo investigou 61 adolescentes acolhidos, atraves do YSR e entrevistas. Foram realizadas analises quantitativas e qualitativas, considerando variaveis: sexo, idade e tempo de institucionalizacao. Resultados indicaram faixas clinicas para problemas psicologicos, exceto problemas externalizantes, em meninas mais novas (ha menos tempo acolhidas) e em meninos mais velhos (maior tempo de acolhimento). Percepcoes sobre o acolhimento tenderam a negatividade e indiferenca; percepcoes positivas apareceram naqueles com mais tempo de acolhimento. Instabilidades nas permanencias institucionais e motivos para o acolhimento foram expressos com indicadores de sofrimento psiquico. Contatos familiares eram esparsos; os adolescentes referiram importância da familia e desejos de saida da instituicao. Membros das equipes institucionais foram citados como fontes de cuidado e protecao. O estudo reflete desafios para o desenvolvimento positivo dessa populacao.The institutionalization of adolescents has been mentioned in the literature with positive and negative aspects. This study investigated 61 adolescents in residential care aiming to evaluate psychological problems and perceptions related to the care, using interviews and the YSR. Data was evaluated using quantitative and qualitative analysis, using gender, age and length of institutionalization as variables. Results indicated clinical scores for psychological problems, except for externalizing problems, in younger girls recently taken into care and older boys institutionalized for longer periods. The perceptions about the care were negative or indifferent; elements of positivity were expressed by adolescents institutionalized for longer periods. Instability in the permanence in the care service and the reasons for having been taken into care were manifested with psychological distress. There were few contacts with the family of origin; the adolescents mentioned the importance of their families and the desire to leave the institution. Members of the institutional teams were indicated as sources of care and protection. This study reflects the challenges for the positive development of this population.

TRANSCORRER DA GRAVIDEZ NA ADOLESCÊNCIA: ESTUDO LONGITUDINAL QUANDO OS FILHOS SÃO ADOLESCENTES

RESUMO. Pesquisas sobre gravidez na adolescencia (GA) apontam heterogeneidade de causas associadas e consequencias ao desenvolvimento das maes e filhos. Este artigo apresenta a quarta etapa de um estudo longitudinal com oito diades (maes/primeiros filhos nascidos na adolescencia), no momento que os filhos tem 14 anos. O objetivo do estudo foi atualizar dados de condicoes psicossociais das diades. Entrevistas, observacoes nas moradias, ASR, CBCL e YSR foram instrumentos aplicados nas residencias. Os resultados indicaram: prejuizos as trajetorias escolares e profissionais das maes; relacoes com a familia de origem e posicoes paternas semelhantes as da epoca da gravidez; referencias mais frequentes de uso de substâncias pelos pais; problemas de relacionamento entre maes e filhas. Melhores condicoes de desenvolvimento foram apresentadas em diades cujas relacoes com a familia de origem e com o pai da crianca foram boas. Maiores dificuldades foram verificadas naquelas diades com problemas nessas relacoes. A figura paterna indicou ser elemento diferencial na condicao mais positiva ou negativa do desenvolvimento das diades (maes e filhos). Fica sugerida a continuidade da investigacao longitudinal para quando os filhos forem adultos para permitir a verificacao de possiveis impactos decorrentes da GA na trajetoria de desenvolvimento em longo prazo. Palavras-chave : Gravidez na adolescencia; estudos longitudinais; relacoes familiares.Research on adolescence pregnancy (AP) indicated heterogeneity regarding to associated causes and consequences to the development of mothers and children. This paper presents the fourth stage of a longitudinal study including eight dyads (mothers / first children born in adolescence), when the children are 14 years-old. The aim of the study was to update data from dyads psychosocial conditions. The instruments used in their households were interviews, home observations, ASR, CBCL and YSR. Results indicated: mothers loss in professional and educational trajectories; relationships with the original family and the fathers which are in similar positions at the time of pregnancy; frequent references to substance use by fathers; problems between mothers/daughters relationship. Better development conditions were presented in dyads whose relations with the original family and the childs father were good. Higher difficulties were found in those dyads with problems in these relationships. The father figure is indicated as a differential element in the positive or negative condition of the dyads development (mothers and children). The continuity of the longitudinal investigation is suggested when the children are adults in order to allow the verification of possible impacts arising from AP in the long-term development trajectory

Competência, problemas internalizantes e problemas externalizantes em quatro grupos de adolescentes

Competencias y disfunciones emergen de interacciones entre individuo y ambiente durante el desarrollo humano. Nuestro objetivo fue caracterizar perfiles de competencia y problemas psicologicos en 160 adolescentes (11-18 anos) en los grupos: 1) estudiantes de escuela publica a tiempo integral (TI); 2) estudiantes asistidos por equipo sociocultural (AC); 3) adolescentes abrigados (AB); y 4) adolescentes embarazadas/madres (GM). Los datos fueron recogidos de las respuestas al YSR, en sus items de Competencia, Problemas Internalizantes y Problemas Externalizantes, en funcion de la edad. El analisis descriptivo indico promedios mayores de Competencia en los grupos TI e AC. Los grupos GM y AB presentaron perjuicios en Competencia. Problemas Internalizantes fueron apuntados por adolescentes del grupo AB y por los mas jovenes del grupo AC. El grupo AB tuvo las mayores dificultades, con sugerencia de perjuicios en su ambiente de desarrollo. Nuevos estudios son indicados para ampliar esos datos comparando ninos y ninas.

Comportamento prossocial em adolescentes estudantes: uso de um programa de intervenção breve

Adolescence is a stage of life with great potential for increasing skills and competencies, among them, the prossocial behaviors. This possibility, as reaffi rmed by Positive Psychology, presents itself as an alternative to the negative pole often expressed by antisocial behavior in adolescents. The prossocial behaviors addressed in this research are distributed in categories helping, sharing, empathy, care and attention, and positive mood. They are defi ned as behaviors that favor other individuals or groups without seeking external reward or material and can generate positive reciprocity in interpersonal and social relationships, confi gured as protective strategies for mobilizing resources for mental health. This article presents an exploratory and descriptive study that evaluated prossocial behaviors in 21 adolescents (1315 years), students in a public school in the city of Santos (SP), before and after application of a brief intervention program in prossociability. The instrument used was Prossociability Assessment Scale for Adolescents (EAP-A), and the application of the Minimum Prosocial Improvement Program (PMIP). The results were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative method. Quantitative analysis indicated a trend for the average degree in prossocial behaviors investigated, before and after the intervention; qualitative analysis showed indicators of improvement in prossocial behaviors. Further studies are suggested to broadening and deepening the proposed theme in larger samples with adolescents with behavior problems and lower grades of prossociability.Adolescence is a stage of life with great potential for increasing skills and competencies, among them, the prossocial behaviors. This possibility, as reaffi rmed by Positive Psychology, presents itself as an alternative to the negative pole often expressed by antisocial behavior in adolescents. The prossocial behaviors addressed in this research are distributed in categories helping, sharing, empathy, care and attention, and positive mood. They are defi ned as behaviors that favor other individuals or groups without seeking external reward or material and can generate positive reciprocity in interpersonal and social relationships, confi gured as protective strategies for mobilizing resources for mental health. This article presents an exploratory and descriptive study that evaluated prossocial behaviors in 21 adolescents (1315 years), students in a public school in the city of Santos (SP), before and after application of a brief intervention program in prossociability. The instrument used was Prossociability Assessment Scale for Adolescents (EAP-A), and the application of the Minimum Prosocial Improvement Program (PMIP). The results were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative method. Quantitative analysis indicated a trend for the average degree in prossocial behaviors investigated, before and after the intervention; qualitative analysis showed indicators of improvement in prossocial behaviors. Further studies are suggested to broadening and deepening the proposed theme in larger samples with adolescents with behavior problems and lower grades of prossociability.

Prosocial behavior among adolescents: use of a brief intervention program

Adolescence is a stage of life with great potential for increasing skills and competencies, among them, the prossocial behaviors. This possibility, as reaffi rmed by Positive Psychology, presents itself as an alternative to the negative pole often expressed by antisocial behavior in adolescents. The prossocial behaviors addressed in this research are distributed in categories helping, sharing, empathy, care and attention, and positive mood. They are defi ned as behaviors that favor other individuals or groups without seeking external reward or material and can generate positive reciprocity in interpersonal and social relationships, confi gured as protective strategies for mobilizing resources for mental health. This article presents an exploratory and descriptive study that evaluated prossocial behaviors in 21 adolescents (1315 years), students in a public school in the city of Santos (SP), before and after application of a brief intervention program in prossociability. The instrument used was Prossociability Assessment Scale for Adolescents (EAP-A), and the application of the Minimum Prosocial Improvement Program (PMIP). The results were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative method. Quantitative analysis indicated a trend for the average degree in prossocial behaviors investigated, before and after the intervention; qualitative analysis showed indicators of improvement in prossocial behaviors. Further studies are suggested to broadening and deepening the proposed theme in larger samples with adolescents with behavior problems and lower grades of prossociability.Adolescence is a stage of life with great potential for increasing skills and competencies, among them, the prossocial behaviors. This possibility, as reaffi rmed by Positive Psychology, presents itself as an alternative to the negative pole often expressed by antisocial behavior in adolescents. The prossocial behaviors addressed in this research are distributed in categories helping, sharing, empathy, care and attention, and positive mood. They are defi ned as behaviors that favor other individuals or groups without seeking external reward or material and can generate positive reciprocity in interpersonal and social relationships, confi gured as protective strategies for mobilizing resources for mental health. This article presents an exploratory and descriptive study that evaluated prossocial behaviors in 21 adolescents (1315 years), students in a public school in the city of Santos (SP), before and after application of a brief intervention program in prossociability. The instrument used was Prossociability Assessment Scale for Adolescents (EAP-A), and the application of the Minimum Prosocial Improvement Program (PMIP). The results were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative method. Quantitative analysis indicated a trend for the average degree in prossocial behaviors investigated, before and after the intervention; qualitative analysis showed indicators of improvement in prossocial behaviors. Further studies are suggested to broadening and deepening the proposed theme in larger samples with adolescents with behavior problems and lower grades of prossociability.

Conducta prosocial en adolescentes estudiantes: uso de un programa de intervención breve

Adolescence is a stage of life with great potential for increasing skills and competencies, among them, the prossocial behaviors. This possibility, as reaffi rmed by Positive Psychology, presents itself as an alternative to the negative pole often expressed by antisocial behavior in adolescents. The prossocial behaviors addressed in this research are distributed in categories helping, sharing, empathy, care and attention, and positive mood. They are defi ned as behaviors that favor other individuals or groups without seeking external reward or material and can generate positive reciprocity in interpersonal and social relationships, confi gured as protective strategies for mobilizing resources for mental health. This article presents an exploratory and descriptive study that evaluated prossocial behaviors in 21 adolescents (1315 years), students in a public school in the city of Santos (SP), before and after application of a brief intervention program in prossociability. The instrument used was Prossociability Assessment Scale for Adolescents (EAP-A), and the application of the Minimum Prosocial Improvement Program (PMIP). The results were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative method. Quantitative analysis indicated a trend for the average degree in prossocial behaviors investigated, before and after the intervention; qualitative analysis showed indicators of improvement in prossocial behaviors. Further studies are suggested to broadening and deepening the proposed theme in larger samples with adolescents with behavior problems and lower grades of prossociability.Adolescence is a stage of life with great potential for increasing skills and competencies, among them, the prossocial behaviors. This possibility, as reaffi rmed by Positive Psychology, presents itself as an alternative to the negative pole often expressed by antisocial behavior in adolescents. The prossocial behaviors addressed in this research are distributed in categories helping, sharing, empathy, care and attention, and positive mood. They are defi ned as behaviors that favor other individuals or groups without seeking external reward or material and can generate positive reciprocity in interpersonal and social relationships, confi gured as protective strategies for mobilizing resources for mental health. This article presents an exploratory and descriptive study that evaluated prossocial behaviors in 21 adolescents (1315 years), students in a public school in the city of Santos (SP), before and after application of a brief intervention program in prossociability. The instrument used was Prossociability Assessment Scale for Adolescents (EAP-A), and the application of the Minimum Prosocial Improvement Program (PMIP). The results were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative method. Quantitative analysis indicated a trend for the average degree in prossocial behaviors investigated, before and after the intervention; qualitative analysis showed indicators of improvement in prossocial behaviors. Further studies are suggested to broadening and deepening the proposed theme in larger samples with adolescents with behavior problems and lower grades of prossociability.

COURSE OF ADOLESCENCE PREGNANCY: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY WHEN THE CHILDREN ARE ADOLESCENTS

RESUMO. Pesquisas sobre gravidez na adolescencia (GA) apontam heterogeneidade de causas associadas e consequencias ao desenvolvimento das maes e filhos. Este artigo apresenta a quarta etapa de um estudo longitudinal com oito diades (maes/primeiros filhos nascidos na adolescencia), no momento que os filhos tem 14 anos. O objetivo do estudo foi atualizar dados de condicoes psicossociais das diades. Entrevistas, observacoes nas moradias, ASR, CBCL e YSR foram instrumentos aplicados nas residencias. Os resultados indicaram: prejuizos as trajetorias escolares e profissionais das maes; relacoes com a familia de origem e posicoes paternas semelhantes as da epoca da gravidez; referencias mais frequentes de uso de substâncias pelos pais; problemas de relacionamento entre maes e filhas. Melhores condicoes de desenvolvimento foram apresentadas em diades cujas relacoes com a familia de origem e com o pai da crianca foram boas. Maiores dificuldades foram verificadas naquelas diades com problemas nessas relacoes. A figura paterna indicou ser elemento diferencial na condicao mais positiva ou negativa do desenvolvimento das diades (maes e filhos). Fica sugerida a continuidade da investigacao longitudinal para quando os filhos forem adultos para permitir a verificacao de possiveis impactos decorrentes da GA na trajetoria de desenvolvimento em longo prazo. Palavras-chave : Gravidez na adolescencia; estudos longitudinais; relacoes familiares.Research on adolescence pregnancy (AP) indicated heterogeneity regarding to associated causes and consequences to the development of mothers and children. This paper presents the fourth stage of a longitudinal study including eight dyads (mothers / first children born in adolescence), when the children are 14 years-old. The aim of the study was to update data from dyads psychosocial conditions. The instruments used in their households were interviews, home observations, ASR, CBCL and YSR. Results indicated: mothers loss in professional and educational trajectories; relationships with the original family and the fathers which are in similar positions at the time of pregnancy; frequent references to substance use by fathers; problems between mothers/daughters relationship. Better development conditions were presented in dyads whose relations with the original family and the childs father were good. Higher difficulties were found in those dyads with problems in these relationships. The father figure is indicated as a differential element in the positive or negative condition of the dyads development (mothers and children). The continuity of the longitudinal investigation is suggested when the children are adults in order to allow the verification of possible impacts arising from AP in the long-term development trajectory

EL TRANSCURSO DEL EMBARAZO EN LA ADOLESCENCIA: ESTUDIO LONGITUDINAL CUANDO LOS HIJOS SON ADOLESCENTES

RESUMO. Pesquisas sobre gravidez na adolescencia (GA) apontam heterogeneidade de causas associadas e consequencias ao desenvolvimento das maes e filhos. Este artigo apresenta a quarta etapa de um estudo longitudinal com oito diades (maes/primeiros filhos nascidos na adolescencia), no momento que os filhos tem 14 anos. O objetivo do estudo foi atualizar dados de condicoes psicossociais das diades. Entrevistas, observacoes nas moradias, ASR, CBCL e YSR foram instrumentos aplicados nas residencias. Os resultados indicaram: prejuizos as trajetorias escolares e profissionais das maes; relacoes com a familia de origem e posicoes paternas semelhantes as da epoca da gravidez; referencias mais frequentes de uso de substâncias pelos pais; problemas de relacionamento entre maes e filhas. Melhores condicoes de desenvolvimento foram apresentadas em diades cujas relacoes com a familia de origem e com o pai da crianca foram boas. Maiores dificuldades foram verificadas naquelas diades com problemas nessas relacoes. A figura paterna indicou ser elemento diferencial na condicao mais positiva ou negativa do desenvolvimento das diades (maes e filhos). Fica sugerida a continuidade da investigacao longitudinal para quando os filhos forem adultos para permitir a verificacao de possiveis impactos decorrentes da GA na trajetoria de desenvolvimento em longo prazo. Palavras-chave : Gravidez na adolescencia; estudos longitudinais; relacoes familiares.Research on adolescence pregnancy (AP) indicated heterogeneity regarding to associated causes and consequences to the development of mothers and children. This paper presents the fourth stage of a longitudinal study including eight dyads (mothers / first children born in adolescence), when the children are 14 years-old. The aim of the study was to update data from dyads psychosocial conditions. The instruments used in their households were interviews, home observations, ASR, CBCL and YSR. Results indicated: mothers loss in professional and educational trajectories; relationships with the original family and the fathers which are in similar positions at the time of pregnancy; frequent references to substance use by fathers; problems between mothers/daughters relationship. Better development conditions were presented in dyads whose relations with the original family and the childs father were good. Higher difficulties were found in those dyads with problems in these relationships. The father figure is indicated as a differential element in the positive or negative condition of the dyads development (mothers and children). The continuity of the longitudinal investigation is suggested when the children are adults in order to allow the verification of possible impacts arising from AP in the long-term development trajectory

Supervisão em Serviços-Escola de Psicologia no Brasil: Perspectivas dos Supervisores e Estagiários

In the last 20 years, there has been an increasing interest in the functioning of psychology university clinics, mainly regarding its clientele. However, there has been little interest in the supervision in this context. Clinical supervision is a process that involves aspects from teaching as well from the therapeutic alliance. In this study, an instrument was used that assess the supervision according to the factors empathy, learning enhancement and comprehension. In total, 126 supervisors and 238 psychology students from several Brazilian regions answered an online questionnaire in order to evaluate supervision. In general, the supervision had a good evaluation from both supervisors and students. However, there were some discrepancies in specific points between the two groups.