Nara Amélia da Rosa Farias

Análise da eficácia de acaricidas sobre o carrapato Boophilus microplus, durante a última década, na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul

A regiao sul do Rio Grande do Sul caracteriza-se por uma bovinocultura com predominio de racas europeias, tanto para producao de carne, quanto de leite. Essa regiao e considerada area marginal de ocorrencia do carrapato Boophilus microplus, cujo parasitismo ocorre entre final de setembro e meados de maio devido as baixas temperaturas do inverno. No entanto, as perdas causadas por esse parasito sao elevadas, o que tem sido agravadas pela selecao de populacoes de carrapatos resistentes aos acaricidas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a situacao de sensibilidade/resistencia do carrapato bovino, assim como a dinâmica de uso dos diferentes grupos acaricidas disponiveis no mercado, na regiao sul do Rio Grande do Sul, na ultima decada. Durante o periodo foram avaliadas amostras de carrapatos provenientes de 124 propriedades, de 14 municipios da regiao. Em cada propriedade foram coletadas teleoginas e informacoes relativas ao manejo. No Laboratorio de Parasitologia do Instituto de Biologia da UFPel, foi realizado teste de imersao de teleoginas. Observou-se que durante o primeiro trienio os produtos mais utilizados eram a base de piretroide, determinando uma selecao de populacoes resistentes a esse principio ativo. No terceiro trienio os produtos a base de amitraz dominaram o mercado, ocorrendo tambem selecao de populacoes resistentes. No primeiro trienio, todas as populacoes de carrapato analisadas eram sensiveis ao amitraz (indice de eficacia = 95%), enquanto que, ao final do estudo, no terceiro trienio, esse indice de eficacia foi detectado em apenas 79% das populacoes estudadas. Foram detectadas falhas de manejo na regiao, como numero de aplicacao superior a seis por ano, aplicacao de acaricida somente quando visualizadas as formas adultas e uso exclusivo de acaricidas para o controle do carrapato, que predispoem a selecao de populacoes resistentes.

Tristeza parasitária bovina na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul: estudo retrospectivo de 1978-2005

A retrospective study of tick fever was made, which occurred from 1978-2005 in southern Rio Grande do Sul in the influence area of the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory of the Federal University of Pelotas. From 4,884 cattle specimens, sent by practitioners or which were from necropsies performed at the Diagnostic Laboratory, 231 (4.7%) were diagnosed as tick fever. Data from 221 of those outbreaks were analyzed. Ninety one (41.1%) outbreaks were caused by Babesia bovis, 11 (4.9%) by Babesia bigemina, and 65 (29.41%) by Anaplasma marginale. In other 33 (14.93%) outbreaks of babesiosis there is no information if the disease was caused by B. bovis or B. bigemina, and 21 (9.5%) outbreaks were caused by mixed infection of A. marginale and B. bovis or B. bigemina. Mean morbidity, mortality, and letality rates in 149 outbreaks were 11.17%, 6.81%, and 70.04%, respectively. Most outbreaks occurred during summer (January-March) and autumn (April-June), mainly in 1 to 3-year-old cattle. Clinical signs were depression, weakness, fallen ears, fever, and weight loss. Low packed cell volume values were always found. Hemoglobinury was observed in babesiosis. Neurological signs characterized by gait alterations, muscular tremors, aggressiveness and falling down with tonic and clonic convulsions were observed in babesiosis by B. bovis. The main gross lesions were anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, yellow liver and cardiac hemorrhages. Hemoglobinury was observed in babesiosis, and congestion of the cerebral cortex in babesiosis by B. bovis. It is concluded that B. bovis is the main agent causing thick fever in southern Rio Grande do Sul. In that region with a cattle population of 2,630,000 heads the annual losses due to tick fever can be estimated in 6,220 cattle or US

HELMINTOS DO CACHORRO DO CAMPO, Pseudalopex gymnocercus (FISCHER, 1814) E DO CACHORRO DO MATO, Cerdocyon thous (LINNAEUS, 1766) NO SUL DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL

1,623,000.00. Preventive measures to diminish tick fever losses in the region are necessary.

Evaluation of seroepidemiological toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS patients in the south of Brazil

2 ABSTRACT:- RUAS, J.L.; MULLER, G.; FARIAS, N.A.R.; GALLINA, T.; LUCAS, A.S.; PAPPEN, F.G.; SINKOC, A.L.; BRUM, J. G.W. (Helminths of Pampas fox Pseudalopex gymnocercus (Fischer, 1814) and of Crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766) in the Southern of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Helmintos do Cachorro do campo Pseudalopex gymnocercus (Fischer, 1814) e do Cachorro do mato Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766) no sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veteri- naria, v. 17, n. 2, p. 87-92, 2008. Laboratorio Regional de Diagnostico, Faculdade de Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Caixa Posta 354, CEP.: 96.010-900. E-mail: ruas@ ufpel.edu.br Forty wild canids were captured by live trap at Municipalities of Pedro Osorio and Pelotas in Southern of the State of Rio Grande do Sul and they were transported to the Parasitology Laboratory at the Universidade Federal de Pelotas. After they were posted, segments of intestinal, respiratory and urinary tracts and liver were separated and examined. Animal skulls were used for taxonomic identification. Of forty wild animals trapped, 22 (55%) were Pseudalopex gymnocercus and 22 (55%) Cerdocyon thous. The most prevalent nematodes were: Ancylostoma caninum (45.4 in P. gymnocercus and 22.2% in C. thous), Molineus felineus (9.9 in P. gymnocercus and 5.6% in C. thous), Strongyloides sp. (22.7 in P. gymnocercus and 16.7% in C. thous), Trichuris sp. (13.6 in P. gymnocercus and 11.1% in C. thous), and Capillaria hepatica (13.6 in P. gymnocercus and 5.5 % in C. thous). The trematodes observed were: Alaria alata (36.4 in P. gymnocercus and 50.0% in C. thous), and Asthemia heterolecithodes in 5.6% C. thous. Cestodes were identified as Spirometra sp. (61.1 % in C. thous and 54.5 in P. gymnocercus), Diphyllobothriidae, (81.8 in P. gymnocercus and 77.8 % in C. thous) and an Acantocephala of the genus Centrorhynchus was also observed in 5.6% of C. thous only. These results indicated the helminths fauna in wild canids from the studied area.

Abordagem sobre o controle do carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus no sul do Rio Grande do Sul

Toxoplasmosis is considered one of the opportunistic infections for individuals with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), and is also a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of neurotoxoplasmosis, ocular toxoplasmosis and antibodies for Toxoplasma gondii in HIV-positive patients attending the SAE (Specialized Assistance Service for HIV/AIDS), as well as to associate their serological profile with epidemiological and clinical data. A total of 250 patients participated in the study from December, 2009 to November, 2010. Serological analysis was performed using the indirect immunofluorescent technique; epidemiological data were gathered by a questionnaire, and clinical history was based on the analysis of medical charts. Prevalence of seropositivity was 80%, with history of neurotoxoplasmosis in 4.8% and of ocular toxoplasmosis in 1.6% of the patients. The Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) was not used by 32% of the patients, 18.4% of the patients had CD4+ T- lymphocyte count less than 200 cells/mm³ and 96.8% of them were not aware of the modes of disease transmission. These findings led us to conclude that the study population is at high risk of clinical toxoplasmosis, because of both reactivation of infection in the seropositive patients who do not make a regular use of HAART, and primo-infection in seronegative patients worsened by an unawareness of the modes of infection reported in this study.

Isolation and pathogenicity of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected (rustic farm) pigs in southern Brazil

In the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, cattle become infested with Rhipicephalus (B.) microplus mainly between October and April due to the climatic conditions. In addition to knowing its life cycle, knowledge of parasites epidemiology is essential to establish management strategies. Epidemiological studies on resistance to acaricides in Rio Grande do Sul as well as in the rest of Brazil are scarce. Moreover, the large geographical area and the structural deficiency with respect to the use and access to databases make reliable data difficult to obtain. The present study surveyed the perception by cattle breeders in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul in regards of identification of R. (B.) microplus populations that are difficult to manage using acaricides, as well as the risk factors for the selection of resistant tick populations. Tick management data on beef cattle in 85 properties of seven municipalities were collected. The results revealed that the difficulty in tick management correlated positively with levels of education of the farm owners (up to elementary school, OR = 3.67 and p = 0.01) and with the yearly number of acaricide applications (over four, with OR = 4.05 and p= 0.006). These results also suggest that properties with more than 100 beef cattle under extensive farming conditions in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul show characteristics that may contribute to longer acaricide lifetimes as compared to other regions in the Country.

Transplacental transmission of Anaplasma marginale in beef cattle chronically infected in southern Brazil

This study reported a serological test for Toxoplasma gondii infection in 100 pigs from 58 rural farms in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Thirty-six pigs were seropositive (IFAT≥1:64). Bioassays were performed for all 36 seropositive pigs, and 17 isolates were obtained (47.2%). Seven of these isolates (41.2%) were highly pathogenic to mice, as clinical signs of acute infection were observed, and tachyzoites were found in the peritoneal exudates, livers, and lungs. The remaining 10 isolates were able to establish a chronic infection in mice, therefore, they were not highly virulent. The results of this study indicate that pork is a potential source of T. gondii transmission to humans.

Uso de acaricidas em Rhipicephalus (B.) microplus de duas regiões fisiográficas do Rio Grande do Sul

In this study, we have investigated the incidence of transplacental transmission of Anaplasma marginale in chronically infected cows with no history of acute anaplasmosis during gestation. In addition, we evaluated various techniques for detection of transplacental transmission of A. marginale. Blood samples were collected from 30 cows at three different periods: at the time of artificial insemination, at gestational diagnosis, and after calving. Also, blood was collected from the newborn calves, including one sample before colostrum intake, and another three days after birth. A. marginale-specific antibodies were detected in 100% of the cows with an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), and in 97% of them, using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, we observed that all of the three-day-old newborn calves were seropositive by IFAT. According to polymerase chain reaction, 63.3% of the cows were carriers of A. marginale, as well as 6.7% of the newborn calves. This represented a transplacental transmission rate of 10.5%. Furthermore, a correlation of 93.3% was observed between the two serodiagnostic techniques, demonstrating that both ELISA and IFAT can be used in epidemiological surveys of A. marginale. These results confirm the occurrence of transplacental transmission of A. marginale in chronically infected cows and suggest the importance of this transmission route in areas of enzootic instability.

Pancreatite intersticial crônica em bovino causada por Eurytrema coelomaticum

A preocupacao com a selecao de populacoes de Rhipicephalus (B.) microplus resistentes aos acaricidas e mundial. No Brasil, o aparecimento de resistencia nao e monitorado de maneira sistematica, o que dificulta o seu controle, pois quanto mais rapido a resistencia for detectada, menor e o impacto sobre a producao pecuaria. No presente estudo foram analisadas, pelo teste de Drummond, trinta populacoes de carrapatos de duas regioes fisiograficas do sul do Rio Grande do Sul (Serra do Sudeste e Encosta do Sudeste). Foi realizada uma abordagem epidemiologica com os proprietarios ou administradores das fazendas para analisar as diferencas e/ou semelhancas das tecnicas de manejo e eficacia dos produtos acaricidas (amitraz, cipermetrina, deltametrina, associacao de piretroides sinteticos e organofosforados e associacao entre organofosforados) entre as regioes. Observou-se que, em relacao a eficacia media dos acaricidas, somente houve diferenca (p 0,05), exceto em relacao ao numero de aplicacoes de carrapaticidas ao ano que foi maior na Serra do Sudeste. Devido a grande biodiversidade existente entre varias regioes do Brasil, a deteccao da resistencia deve ser feita de forma regionalizada, ja que regioes fisiograficas proximas e semelhantes apresentaram padroes diferentes de manejo e de eficacia aos acaricidas.

Occurrence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in water buffaloes and meat cattle in Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil

This study describes the clinical and pathological findings attributed to massive infection by pancreatic trematodes of the genre Eurytrema (Loos, 1907) in a female Jersey heifer from the city of Seara located in the west part of Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The two-year-old animal showed insufficient development, chronic emaciation, cachexia, prolonged decubitus and anemia, being euthanized in extremis. The necropsy indicated an enlarging of the pancreas which demonstrated crepitated pale surface of irregular cut and, where several trematodes were observed emerging actively from the organ. Histologically, there was chronic interstitial pancreatitis. The parasite was identified as Eurytrema coelomaticum (Giard & Billet, 1882). It is the first record of clinical Eurytrematosis in bovines in the state of Santa Catarina.