Narinder Sharma

Analysis of a Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna with EBG Structures

In this paper, the execution of rectangular patch antenna is mended applying a newly cylindrical electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) substrate. The microstrip patch antenna is fed by the driven terminal. This EBG structure, when comprised with microstrip patch antenna to radiation pattern and return loss got from menstruation appearance a better impedance matching and a gain enhancement of the aimed antenna. The gain using the designed structure has been found to be 7.73dB, which are merits for transmitting data over a long distance. Wideband antenna finds its applications in mobile sensors, data ingathering and tracking applications.

Optimization of Fertlizer Rates for Wheat Crop using Fuzzy Expert System

In this work it is proposed to provide proper nutrition to soil, which is very essential for satisfactory crop growth and production. The use of soil tests can help us to determine the status of available nutrients in soil, this paper aims at calculating required amount of NPK fertilizers for soil accordingly NPK levels actually found during soil test. Applying fuzzy based rules in a fuzzy expert system we here are developing fertilizer recommendations needed to achieve optimum crop production. Efficient application of the correct amounts of fertilizers for the supply of the nutrients is an important part of achieving profitable yields. The profit potential for farmers depends on producing enough crops per acre to keep production costs below the selling price. Moreover optimizing fertilizer will help us preventing environmental effects like water pollution and health effects.

Comparison of Different Techniques to Design of Filter

the design of filters complex calculations are required. Mathematically, by substituting the values of parameters according to any of the filter used in any of the methods from window method, frequency sampling method or optimal method we can get the values of filter coefficients h(n).There are different window methods like Kaiser window,rectangular window,triangular window ect.Kaiser window method has been chosen preferably because of the presence of ripple factor (β).Here, I have design Band pass FIR and low pass filter using artificial neural network which gives optimum result i.e. the difference between the actual and desired output is minimum and also shows the comparision between low pass and bandpass filter or comparison of different techniques used to design the filter.

Channel State Information for Pre-Equalization in MIMO-OFDM System

Due to multipath fading and inter-symbol interference, the high speed transmitted data extends to several symbol periods. Signals which travel through several paths get reflected by different objects and signals taking less direct path arrive at receiver later and are often attenuated. Traditional systems employ some improvement techniques to deal with multipath signals; one technique is to use multiple antennas to capture the strongest signal at each moment of time, another technique adds delays to back align the signals. This paper presents the use of channel state information for estimating the channel impulse response and its use in channel equalization on the transmitter side. General Terms Channel Equalization, MIMO-OFDM system, Channel State Information

Inshore ship and hybrid object detection and recognition using context-aware color and shape model

The oceanography is the technnique of analyzing the oceanic imagery in order to find the useful information about ships, objects. The technique is helpful in detecting the lost ships, boats, aero planes, debris, containers, etc. It may consists of the large volumes of image data, which must be further shortened to find the useful information to find the lost objects in the oceanic area. In this simulation study, the proposed model has been annalysd to detect the objects in the oceanic images in order to minimize the human effort to shortlist the images containing the useful information. The simulative analysis has been designed to use the combination of the color and shape based analysis to detect the objects accurately. The three dimensional color pixel (24-bit pixel) based approach has been used along with the shape and size evaluation to achieve the higher accuracy for the target objects. The MATLAB based simulation is performed on various kinds of satellite images, and the evaluation has been performed on the basis of various performance parameters. The results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Pre-coded Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes over MIMO Channel and its Analysis for Antenna Selection Technique

pre-coder is designed for orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBCs) in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. Unlike previous works, our pre-coder is the first to be designed to minimize the exact symbol error rate. In this paper, we show that OSTBCs can achieve full diversity and nearly strict orthogonality with a small amount of feedback bits returned from the receiver back to the transmitter. Along with pre-coding of the OSTBC, also the proper utilization of partial CSI is done at the transmitter side to improve overall characteristics of the system. Simulation results of the pre- coding OSTBC is discussed along with its antenna design technique.

Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna by Improving the Performance Parameters with EBG Structures

In this paper, the execution of rectangular patch antenna is mended applying a newly cylindrical electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) substrate. The microstrip patch antenna is fed in the driven terminal. This EBG structure, when constituted with microstrip patch antenna to radiation pattern and return loss got from menstruation appearance a better impedance matching and a gain enhancement of the directed antenna. The gain utilizing the designed structure has been found to be 5.5123dB, which are merits for transmitting data over a retentive distance. Wideband antenna detects its applications in mobile sensors, data ingathering and tracking diligence.

Design of Band-Pass Filter using Artificial Neural Network

For the design of Band pass FIR filters complex calculations are involved. Mathematically, by substituting the value of pass-band ripple, stop band attenuation, pass-band frequency F1, pass-band frequency F2, sampling frequency in any of the methods from window method, frequency sampling method or optimal method we can get the values of filter coefficients h(n). Here, window method is used in which Kaiser window method has been chosen preferably because of the presence of ripple factor (β).Here, I have design Band pass FIR filter using artificial neural network which gives optimum result i.e. the difference between the actual and desired output is minimum.