Nasrul Arahman

Influence of Brij58 on the Characteristic and Performance of PES Membrane for Water Treatment Process

This study proposed a modification of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane with the addition of additives such as brij58 of different concentrations (1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 wt %) as membrane modifying agent. Surface modification was done by blending a hydrophilic material (brij58) into hydrophobic polymer (PES). Flat-sheet polyethersulfone membrane was prepared via non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method using dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent. The characterizations of the fabricated membranes were performed by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy test. The performance of membranes were determined using ultrafiltration module. It was confirmed that the membranes modified with brij58 showed an excellent ultrafiltration performance in comparison to the pure membrane. Detailed informations on the results of this research and future perspective of the membranes were discussed further in the results part of this paper.

Removal of Metal Iron from Groundwater Using Aceh Natural Zeolite and Membrane Filtration

The adsorption and the ultrafiltration processes were combined for removal of Fe2+ in water sample solution. Aceh natural zeolite used as an adsorbent, and three kind of ultrafiltration membranes (M10K, M30K, and MPVP) were used in this study. The concentration of Fe2+ in the product of adsorption and ultrafiltration is about 0.254 mg/L. This value is below the permissible limit of ferrous metal (0.3 mg/L) in drinking water. The combination of adsorption and ultrafiltration can be used as an alternative treatment of excess iron content in groundwater

The study of membrane formation via phase inversion method by cloud point and light scattering experiment

The composition of polymer solution and the methods of membrane preparation determine the solidification process of membrane. The formation of membrane structure prepared via non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method is mostly determined by phase separation process between polymer, solvent, and non-solvent. This paper discusses the phase separation process of polymer solution containing Polyethersulfone (PES), N-methylpirrolidone (NMP), and surfactant Tetronic 1307 (Tet). Cloud point experiment is conducted to determine the amount of non-solvent needed on induced phase separation. Amount of water required as a non-solvent decreases by the addition of surfactant Tet. Kinetics of phase separation for such system is studied by the light scattering measurement. With the addition of Tet., the delayed phase separation is observed and the structure growth rate decreases. Moreover, the morphology of fabricated membrane from those polymer systems is analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The imag...

Removal performance of NO3− ion from groundwater by electrodialysis

An excess amount of nitrate in drinking water is harmful to body health. A batch type of electrodialysis (ED) which is consist of cation and anion exchange membrane has been used to separate a model of nitrate ion from groundwater by using ten pairs of cation/anion exchange membrane. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of initial concentration feed solution on the separation performance of nitrate ion by electrodialysis. Also, the effect of applied current in ED on the nitrate permeability is also studied. Experimental results indicated that the decrease of nitrate concentration in the dilute compartment is significantly influenced by the applied current. The amount of nitrate passing through the membrane increases linearly by increasing amount of current. The initial feed concentrations do not influence on the removal rate of nitrate as a function of membrane surface area.

Effect of PVP on the characteristic of modified membranes made from waste PET bottles for humic acid removal

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possibility of using recycled polymer (waste polyethylene terephthalate [PET] bottles) as a membrane material. Furthermore, the effect of the addition of a pore-forming agent and preparation conditions was also observed. Methods: Porous polymeric membranes were prepared via thermally induced phase separation by dissolving recycled PET in phenol. PET polymer was obtained from waste plastic bottles as a new source of polymeric material. For original PET membrane, the casting solution was prepared by dissolving of 20wt% PET in phenol solution. For PET modified membrane, a 5 wt% of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was added into polymer solution. The solution was cast onto a glass plate at room temperature followed by evaporation before the solidification process. The membranes formed were characterized in terms of morphology, chemical group, and filtration performance. A humic acid solution was used to identify the permeability and the solute rejection of the membranes. Results: The results showed that the recycled PET from waste plastic bottles was applicable to use as a membrane material for a water treatment process. The maximum flux of 97.0 l/m 2.hr was obtained from filtration test using PET membrane. The highest rejection of humic acid in a water sample, which reached up to 75.92%, was obtained using the PET/PVP membrane. Conclusions: The recycled PET from waste bottles was successfully used to prepare porous membrane. The membrane was modified by the addition of PVP as a membrane modifying agent. SEM analysis confirmed that the original PET membrane has a rough and large pore structure. The addition of PVP improved the pore density with a narrow pore structure. The PET/PVP membrane conditioned with evaporation was the best in humic acid rejection.

FABRICATION OF POLYETHERSULFONE MEMBRANES USING NANOCARBON AS ADDITIVE

Membrane-based processes have become the most dominant technology for water or wastewater treatment. To maintain optimum performance, a membrane should have high permeability and selectivity, good hydrophilicity, in combination with stable mechanical properties. Generally, the membrane produced from pure polyethersulfone (PES) has good mechanical properties, but low hydrophilicity. Modifications of the PES membrane with hydrophilic additives can increase its hydrophilicity. Nevertheless, incorporating additives may decrease its mechanical properties. The objective of this study is to enhance the overall properties of PES membrane by incorporating nanocarbon as an additive. The goal is to obtain a membrane with high permeability and selectivity, good hydrophilicity, as well as superior mechanical properties. Four PES membranes were equipped via the dry-wet inversion method using two solvents (n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)). The nanocarbon additive was fabricated from palm fruit-shell biomass wastes. The results show that the type of solvent affects the pore structure of the membrane surface. The membranes prepared using the PES-NMP system have dense structures with small nodules that appear in the upper skin layer, while the membranes from the PES-DMSO system have a spherulite-like structure. The membrane structures changed significantly when the nanocarbon particles were added to the polymer solution, particularly in terms of the shape and size of the microvoids. The finger-like structure found in the membranes prepared from PES-NMP or PES-DMSO systems disappears after the nanocarbon was added to the system. Furthermore, the accretion of nanocarbon to the polymer system increases the water permeability, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties of the resulted membrane.

PEMBUATAN MEMBRAN SERAT BERONGGA POLIETERSULFON/2-(METAKRILOILOSI)ETIL POSPORIL KLORIN DAN APLIKASINYA UNTUK PENGOLAHAN AIR SUMUR TERCEMAR LIMBAH TSUNAMI DI BANDA ACEH (Preparation Hollow Fiber Membrane of Polyethersulfone/2-(Methacryloyloxy)

ABSTRAK Banyak kasus air sumur masyarakat di wilayah yang terkena imbas tsunami di Banda Aceh mengandung zat padat terlarut ( Total Dissolved Solid, TDS ) dan klorida melebihi standar baku mutu untuk pertimbangan kesehatan. Diperlukan perlakuan khusus untuk menghilangkan zat padat terlarut dan klorida dari air tersebut. Teknologi membran telah diperkenalkan secara luas sebagai teknik yang menjanjikan untuk produksi air bersih dengan kualitas tinggi. Pada penelitian ini, teknik separasi dengan lapisan membran digunakan untuk memisahkan kandungan zat padat terlarut dan klorida dari sampel air sumur masyarakat Banda Aceh yang terkena tsunami. Membran serat berongga dibuat dengan melarutkan polietersulfon and 2-(metakriloiloksi)etil posporil klorin ke dalam pelarut N-metil-2-pirolidon. Studi ini mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi membran modifying agent terhadap struktur morfologi membran yang dihasilkan. Kemudian kinerja membran terhadap filtrasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan air deionisasi. Lebih lanjut, kinerja membran dilakukan untuk mengurangi kadar kekeruhan, TDS, CaCO 3 , Cl, NO 3 , NO 2 , total coliform, dan bakteri Escherichia coli dari sampel air sumur. Hasil ekperimen menunjukkan bahwa semua parameter yang diuji dapat dikurangi sampai nilainya berada di bawah standar baku mutu air bersih. ABSTRACT In many cases well water on tsunami affected area of Banda Aceh contains the T otal D issolved S olid (TDS) and chloride in high concentration over the drinking water level for general good health consideration. A special treatments are needed to remove the TDS and chloride in water. Membrane technology have been widely introduced as an emerging technique to produce high quality of clean water. In this work, membrane separations are proposed to remove TDS and chloride from well water of community in tsunami affected area of Banda Aceh. Membrane hollow fiber was prepared by dissolving of polyethersulfone and 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphoryl chlo r ine in N-methyl-2-pirrolydone. The effect of membrane modifying agent concentration studied on the morphology of resulted membrane. The fabricated membrane was used to observe the filtration performance of deionized water by using single module of hollow fiber membrane. In addition, the membrane was used to remove turbidity, TDS, CaCO 3 , Cl, NO 3 , NO 2 , total coliform, and Escherichia Coli bacteria from sample of well water. The experimental result showed that all parameter can be reduced and those concentration was under the quality standard of drinking water.