Natalia Atkins

Timing of parturition in two species of viviparous lizard: influences of β-adrenergic stimulation and temperature upon uterine responses to arginine vasotocin (AVT)

The southern snow skink Niveoscincus microlepidotus is a viviparous alpine lizard with biennial reproduction, in which embryos are fully developed before winter but parturition is delayed until spring. We aimed to determine whether, in this species, in vitro uterine preparations are responsive to arginine vasotocin (AVT) and prostaglandin (PGF2α) in autumn and spring, and whether pre-treatment with the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol decreases the effectiveness of AVT in stimulating uterine contractions. Using the spotted snow skink (Niveoscincus ocellatus), an annually breeding species, we aimed to determine influences of temperature and the β-adrenergic system upon the response to AVT in vivo. In both N. microlepidotus and N. ocellatus females are more responsive to AVT than to PGF2α, and that the response to AVT is decreased, but not prevented, by β-adrenergic stimulation. In N. microlepidotus, uteri are equally responsive in both seasons to the hormones administered. In N. ocellatus environmental conditions, specifically, temperature, modulate the response to AVT in vivo with the time to parturition increasing as temperature decreases. We conclude that in these viviparous squamates the endocrine cascade leading to parturition is modulated by the β-adrenergic system, and that this may reflect the mechanism by which the timing of parturition is tied to suitable environmental conditions.

Fecal Testosterone Concentrations May Not Be Useful for Monitoring Reproductive Status in Male Blue-Tongued Lizards ( Tiliqua nigrolutea : Scincidae)

Assessment of reproductive status in animals generally depends on monitoring hormone concentrations in plasma, but blood sampling often involves significant stress to the subject. Monitoring steroid profiles by assaying excreted steroids in urine and/or fecal samples is non-invasive, but does pose some problems.There are, however, only two published reports of the application of fecal steroid monitoring to reptiles. We compare the profile of fecal T with that for plasma T through the reproductive cycle of blotched blue-tongued lizards, and also examine the relative proportions of conjugated and free T in feces. Testosterone was detected in all samples assayed, and fecal T concentrations ranged from ~ 500 ng g-1 to ~1500 ng g-1 dry feces. Plasma hormone cycles were not reported, but the patterns of variation in fecal T concentrations appeared to show some correlation with reproductive activity. In contrast, our results suggest that there is an inverse relationship between concentrations of T in feces and in plasma of male blue-tongued skinks, with fecal T concentrations being highest during the non-breeding season, when plasma T levels are low. Our results suggest, therefore, that assay of fecal T concentrations may not be useful for assessing reproductive status in blue-tongued lizards because of the lack of correlation between T concentrations in feces and plasma.

Australia’s continental-scale acoustic tracking database and its automated quality control process

Our ability to predict species responses to environmental changes relies on accurate records of animal movement patterns. Continental-scale acoustic telemetry networks are increasingly being established worldwide, producing large volumes of information-rich geospatial data. During the last decade, the Integrated Marine Observing System’s Animal Tracking Facility (IMOS ATF) established a permanent array of acoustic receivers around Australia. Simultaneously, IMOS developed a centralised national database to foster collaborative research across the user community and quantify individual behaviour across a broad range of taxa. Here we present the database and quality control procedures developed to collate 49.6 million valid detections from 1891 receiving stations. This dataset consists of detections for 3,777 tags deployed on 117 marine species, with distances travelled ranging from a few to thousands of kilometres. Connectivity between regions was only made possible by the joint contribution of IMOS infrastructure and researcher-funded receivers. This dataset constitutes a valuable resource facilitating meta-analysis of animal movement, distributions, and habitat use, and is important for relating species distribution shifts with environmental covariates.

A database of marine phytoplankton abundance, biomass and species composition in Australian waters

There have been many individual phytoplankton datasets collected across Australia since the mid 1900s, but most are unavailable to the research community. We have searched archives, contacted researchers, and scanned the primary and grey literature to collate 3,621,847 records of marine phytoplankton species from Australian waters from 1844 to the present. Many of these are small datasets collected for local questions, but combined they provide over 170 years of data on phytoplankton communities in Australian waters. Units and taxonomy have been standardised, obviously erroneous data removed, and all metadata included. We have lodged this dataset with the Australian Ocean Data Network (http://portal.aodn.org.au/) allowing public access. The Australian Phytoplankton Database will be invaluable for global change studies, as it allows analysis of ecological indicators of climate change and eutrophication (e.g., changes in distribution; diatom:dinoflagellate ratios). In addition, the standardised conversion of abundance records to biomass provides modellers with quantifiable data to initialise and validate ecosystem models of lower marine trophic levels.

Information infrastructure for Australia’s Integrated Marine Observing System

Australia’s Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS, imos.org.au) is research infrastructure to establish an enduring observing program for Australian oceanic waters and shelf seas. The observations cover physical, biological, and chemical variables to address themes of multi-decadal ocean change, climate variability and weather extremes, boundary currents and inter-basin flows, continental shelf processes and ecosystem responses.IMOS observations are collected by national facilities based on various platform types and operated by partner institutions around the country. In this paper we describe the infrastructure and workflows developed to manage and distribute the data to the public. We highlight the existing standards and open-source software we have adopted, and the contributions we have made. To demonstrate the value of this infrastructure we provide some illustrations of use and uptake.All IMOS data are freely and openly available to the public via the Ocean Portal (https://imos.aodn.org.au). All IMOS-developed software is open-source and accessible at https://github.com/aodn.

A database of chlorophyll a in Australian waters

Chlorophyll a is the most commonly used indicator of phytoplankton biomass in the marine environment. It is relatively simple and cost effective to measure when compared to phytoplankton abundance and is thus routinely included in many surveys. Here we collate 173, 333 records of chlorophyll a collected since 1965 from Australian waters gathered from researchers on regular coastal monitoring surveys and ocean voyages into a single repository. This dataset includes the chlorophyll a values as measured from samples analysed using spectrophotometry, fluorometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The Australian Chlorophyll a database is freely available through the Australian Ocean Data Network portal (https://portal.aodn.org.au/). These data can be used in isolation as an index of phytoplankton biomass or in combination with other data to provide insight into water quality, ecosystem state, and relationships with other trophic levels such as zooplankton or fish.

Corrigendum: A database of marine phytoplankton abundance, biomass and species composition in Australian waters.

Claire H. Davies, Alex Coughlan, Gustaaf Hallegraeff, Penelope Ajani, Linda Armbrecht, Natalia Atkins, Prudence Bonham, Steve Brett, Richard Brinkman, Michele Burford, Lesley Clementson, Peter Coad, Frank Coman, Diana Davies, Jocelyn Dela-Cruz, Michelle Devlin, Steven Edgar, Ruth Eriksen, Miles Furnas, Christel Hassler, David Hill, Michael Holmes, Tim Ingleton, Ian Jameson, Sophie C. Leterme, Christian Lønborg, James McLaughlin, Felicity McEnnulty, A. David McKinnon, Margaret Miller, Shauna Murray, Sasi Nayar, Renee Patten, Tim Pritchard, Roger Proctor, Diane Purcell-Meyerink, Eric Raes, David Rissik, Jason Ruszczyk, Anita Slotwinski, Kerrie M. Swadling, Katherine Tattersall, Peter Thompson, Paul Thomson, Mark Tonks, Thomas W. Trull, Julian Uribe-Palomino, Anya M. Waite, Rouna Yauwenas, Anthony Zammit & Anthony J. Richardson