Nataliya Taran

Effect of Zinc and Copper Nanoparticles on Drought Resistance of Wheat Seedlings

The effect of a colloidal solution of Cu,Zn-nanoparticles on pro-oxidative/antioxidative balance and content of photosynthetic pigments and leaf area of winter wheat plants of steppe (Acveduc) and forest-steppe (Stolichna) ecotypes was investigated in drought conditions. It has been shown that Cu,Zn-nanoparticles decreased the negative effect of drought action upon plants of steppe ecotype Acveduc. In particular, increased activity of antioxidative enzymes reduced the level of accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and stabilized the content of photosynthetic pigments and increased relative water content in leaves. Colloidal solution of Cu,Zn-nanoparticles had less significant influence on these indexes in seedlings of the Stolichna variety under drought.

The Effect of Pre-sowing Seed Treatment with Metal Nanoparticles on the Formation of the Defensive Reaction of Wheat Seedlings Infected with the Eyespot Causal Agent

The paper presents research data of lipid peroxidation and lectin activity in wheat seedlings at seed treatment with solution of metal nanoparticles (Zn, Ag, Fe, Mn, Cu) and sole solution of copper nanoparticles under the high pathogen infection background of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Deighton (synonym: Oculimacula yallundae (Wallwork & Sponer) Crous & W. Gams). It was shown that investigated nonionic colloidal solutions of biogenic metals have the antioxidant effect through the inhibition of the synthesis of lipid peroxidation products. The increase of lectin activity levels during the early plants ontogenesis stages was observed in wheat seedlings infected with pathogen pre-treated with the mixture of metal nanoparticles.

Redistribution of elements of metals in plant tissues under treatment by non-ionic colloidal solution of biogenic metal nanoparticles

The content of metal elements in plant tissues of 10-day wheat seedlings after seed pre-treatment and foliar treatment with non-ionic colloidal solution of metal nanoparticles (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) was determined by an atomic absorption spectrometer. It was shown that metal nanoparticles due to their physical properties (nanoscale and uncharged state) were capable of penetrating rapidly into plant cells and optimizing plant metabolic processes at the early stages of growth and development.

Sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerol and Adaptation Syndrome

The effect of drought factor induced the SQDG accumulation in leaves of drought resistant wheat plants and the drastic decrease of their content in sensitive plants. Heat and water stress combined induced SQDG accumulation in resistant plants, while it decreased in sensitive variety more drastically if compared with single factor effect. SQDG accumulation in wheat plants infected by Puccinia graminis and in kidney bean plants infected by tobacco mosaic and potato x viruses was observed as well. Lead stress changed drastically the glycolipid composition in laboratory experiments. Significantly lower SQDG content observed could be connected with possible competitive sulphur usage for sulphur containing polypeptide and protein synthesis judging by increasing protein content, or perhaps creating complexes with Pb. Thus we assume that SQDG could play special role in adaptation reactions connected mainly with stabilising the photosynthesis processes and perhaps heavy metal binding.

Remodeling of the composition of the membranes lipids of buckwheat plants (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) under conditions of phosphorous deficiency and seed bacterization with phosphate solubilizing microorganisms

This paper presents research results on the sensitivity of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) inoculated with phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) to phosphorus deficiency using the transformation of major photosynthetic tissues membrane lipids as the indicator. The analysis of glyco- and phospholipids performed has revealed the plants’ ability to react to a deficit in phosphorus with the selective accumulation of sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) along with a decrease in phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Pre-sowing seed bacterization with PSM has balanced out the negative impact of a phosphorus deficiency on plants by stabilizing the PG content and reducing the difference in the PG/SQDG ratio.

TEST SYSTEM BASED ON ROOT EXUDATES FOR HIGH-YIELDING COMMON BUCKWHEAT ( FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM MOENCH.) FORM SCREENING

A new effective non-invasive method of screening of highly productive forms of buckwheat sowing (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) based on rapid testing of buckwheat seedling intensity exudation of organic acids root system in the laboratory is offered. Buckwheat seeds were germinated on agar gel layer which contains in its composition acid-base indicator followed by visual assessment of the indicator color changes around primary root and plants with the largest area of color change were selected. The effectiveness of the method was confirmed in the field conditions by phenotyping of plants and significant differences in determining the structure and yield performance of selected plants were found. Statistical analysis of indicators grain number and grain weight showed that these indicators in selected plants were over 6 times higher than in the control variant with the degree of reliability of 99%.

Oxidation Stress is Adaptative Reaction Inductor of Winter Wheat Plants

Abstract Hydrogen peroxide impact upon the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), development of lipid peroxidation processes (LP), photosynthetic pigment content and productivity in conditions of field experiment were studied for winter wheat varieties of different ecotypes, namely Stolychna, Polisska 90 – forest-steppe, and Scala-steppe. It was found that hydrogen peroxide action for 24 h induced LP activity, whereas antioxidative enzyme activity dropped at two varieties. Exception was the Stolychna plants that showed decrease in all indexes studied after treatment. In the next phase of ontogenesis (flowering), however, SOD activity increased both in the plants of Polisska 90 and Scala, while CAT and LP activities were close to control in all plants. The data suggest that treatment by hydrogen peroxide stimulated the formation of general unspecific resistance of plants and increased the grain productivity of winter wheat varieties studied.

Impact of Lead and Sulfur Deprivation on Soybean Plants

Lipid peroxidation products, antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and water-soluble non-protein and water-soluble protein thiol contents were studied in soybean leaves affected by sulfate deprivation and Pb exposure. Sulfur promoted the regulation of adaptive reactions via an enhanced formation of water-soluble non-protein thiols. The reaction of soybean plants to Pb exposure was dependent on sulfur supply. At sufficient-sulfur conditions, higher water-soluble non-protein thiol compounds might contribute to better defense against Pb.