Natalya Popova

Catalytic properties of chromites with a spinel structure in the oxidation of CO and hydrocarbons and reduction of nitrogen oxides

The catalytic activity of supported chromites MCr2O4/γ-Al2O3 (M = Cu, Co, Mn, Zn, Mg) in the oxidation of CO, C3H6, and o-xylene and NOx reduction was studied. The catalytic activity depends on the calcination temperature and cation nature. The features of the formation of the catalysts were studied by the UV-Vis diffuse reflectance and IR spectroscopies.

Regularities of formation and catalytic properties of supported cobaltites in the oxidation of CO and hydrocarbons and in the reduction of nitrogen oxides

The catalytic properties of supported cobaltites MCo2O4 (M=Cu, Mn, Zn, Mg) in the oxidation of CO, C3H6, and ethylbenzene and reduction of nitrogen oxides were investigated. The catalytic activity depends on the calcination temperature and the nature of the cation. The regularities of formation and the state of the surface of the catalysts were studied by IR spectra and diffuse reflectance spectra in the UV and visible regions.

Structural and phase transformations in 0.3C-1Cr-1Mn-1Si-Fe steel after electrolytic plasma treatment

The paper presents the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations on thin foils concerning phase transitions occurred in the type 0.3C-1Cr-1Mn-1Si-Fe alloyed steel after the electrolyte plasma treatment, i.e. carbonitriding at 850°C during 5 min. TEM investigations involve two points, namely: on the specimen surface and at 50 µm distance from the surface, i.e. in transition layer. It is shown that carbonitriding results in the formation of structures the properties of which are changed at a distance from it’s the specimen surface. Thus, the modified morphology of the steel matrix is represented mostly by high-temperature lamellar martensite on α-phase surface, while the intermediate layer is represented by massive martensite. After carbonitriding, the particles of the alloyed cementite and M2C0.61N0.39, M4(C,N), M7(C,N)3, M23(C,N)6 carbonitrides are observed in all layers inside α-phase crystals and at their boundaries. The concentration of carbon and nitrogen on the surface is considerably hig...

Microtwins and their effect on accumulation of excess dislocation density in grains with different types of crystal lattice bending in deformed austenitic steel

The investigation of excess dislocation density accumulation in the deformed polycrystalline austenitic steel was carried out using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The distributions of the excess dislocation density in the grains of the deformed austenitic steel with different bending types were obtained and plotted. It was established that in the austenitic polycrystalline steel at the deformation degrees e = 14 and 25 % the distributions of the excess dislocation density are multimodal. In both cases the grain with compound bending is more stressed. The values of the average excess dislocation density in the grains with the compound and simple bending are less at e = 25 % than that at e = 14 %. This is explained by a significant relaxation of the internal stresses in steel with the increase of the deformation degree from 14 % to 25 %. The increase of the number of twinning systems and the material volume fraction covered by twinning leads to the internal stress relaxation and consequently to the...

The structure and phase composition of welded joint after deformation

The paper addresses the issue of the structure and phase composition of welded joint and focuses on their investigation after plastic deformation. The contribution of internal stresses to the formation of phase composition and fine structure of welded joint is shown herein. Electrode welding is used to obtain welded joint in St3 steel. Specimens are subjected to a quasi-static tensile deformation ranging from 0 to 5% under 370 MPa loading. TEM investigations on thin foil specimens allow studying the structure and phase composition within the heat-affected zone at 1 mm distance from base material and 0.5 mm from welding material. The degree of plastic deformation is shown for both base and welding materials and includes their morphology, phase composition, defect structure and its parameters. Long-range stresses are divided into plastic and elastic. Plastic deformation has no qualitative effect on the material structure, however, it modifies its quantitative parameters. With the increase of deformation deg...

Structure and phase composition of deformed heat-affected zone of the weld steel St3

The paper presents the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations of the structural and phase conditions of the heat-affected zone of welded joint modified by plastic deformation. Tensile tests are carried out on INSTRON-1185 testing system at room temperature and 370 MPa loading. TEM investigations are carried out nearby the joint between the deposited and base metal, namely the type St3 steel. It is shown that the degree of plastic deformation has an effect on the material morphology, phase composition, defect structure and its parameters. It is shown that plastic deformation has no qualitative effect on the material structure, however it modifies its quantitative parameters. With the increase of the deformation degree, the perlite component becomes incomplete and transforms at first, to a fractured perlite and then to ferrite, thereby decreasing the volume ratio of perlite. The polarization of the dislocation structure is observed that, nevertheless, does not lead to the internal stresses th...

Effect of alloying by lanthanum and high rhenium superalloys on the basis of Ni-Al-Cr on the structure and phase composition

This paper presents transmission and scanning electronic microscope investigations of Ni-Al-Cr superalloy alloyed with additional Re and La elements. This superalloy is obtained by the directional solidification method and subsequently is subjected to two-stage high-temperature annealing: 1) at T = 1150°C, the test time is 1 hour; 2) at T = 1100°C, the testing time is 1430 hours. It was found that the γ- and γ′-phases are the main phases in the two states on the basis of fcc lattice. Where γ is the disordered fcc solid solution and γ′-phase is the main phase with an ordered arrangement of atoms having the L12 superstructure. It is shown that such additional elements as Re and La result in the formation of new phases in Ni-Al-Cr accompanied by considerable modifications of quasi-cuboid structure in its γ′-phase. The phase composition and morphology of the phases are studied.

Influence of deformation on structural-phase state of weld material in St3 steel

The structural-phase condition of the weld material subjected to the plastic deformation was investigated using the translucent diffraction electron microscopy method. The investigations were carried out near the joint of the weld and the base metal. The seam was done by the method of manual arc welding without artificial defects. The St3 steel was taken as the welded material. Influence of the plastic deformation on morphology, phase composition, defect structure and its parameters of weld metal was revealed. All investigations were done at the distance of 0.5 mm from the joint of the weld and the base metal at the deformation degrees from 0 to 5% and after destruction of a sample. It was established that deformation of the sample did not lead to qualitative changes in the structure (the structure is still presented by ferrite-pearlite mixture) but changed the quantitative parameters of the structure, namely, with the increase of plastic deformation a part of the pearlite component becomes more and more ...

Grain size effect on yield strength of titanium alloy implanted with aluminum ions

The paper presents a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study of the microstructure and phase state of commercially pure titanium VT1-0 implanted by aluminum ions. This study has been carried out before and after the ion implantation for different grain size, i.e. 0.3 µm (ultra-fine grain condition), 1.5 µm (fine grain condition), and 17 µm (polycrystalline condition). This paper presents details of calculations and analysis of strength components of the yield stress. It is shown that the ion implantation results in a considerable hardening of the entire thickness of the implanted layer in the both grain types. The grain size has, however, a different effect on the yield stress. So, both before and after the ion implantation, the increase of the grain size leads to the decrease of the alloy hardening. Thus, hardening in ultra-fine and fine grain alloys increased by four times, while in polycrystalline alloy it increased by over six times.

Alkyl (N,N-dibutylcarbamoylmethyl)methylphosphinates as new reagents for extraction and sorption of f-elements and technetium(VII) from acidic solutions

Liquid-phase extraction and sorption (solid-phase extraction) of AmIII, EuIII, UVI, and TcVII with alkyl (N,N-dibutylcarbamoylmethyl)methylphosphinates (ADM) from nitric acid solution were studied. The solvate numbers of extracted UVI, AmIII, EuIII, and TcVII complexes and the separation factors for AmIII/EuIII (fAm/Eu), TcVII/EuIII (fTc/Eu), and UVI/TcVII (fU/Tc) pairs were determined. It was shown for the extraction of AmIII and sorption of PuIV that various ADM derivatives are most efficient for the extraction and sorption concentration of actinides: the heptyl derivative (C7) is efficient for extraction and the decyl derivative (C10) is most efficient for sorption.