Natércio Afonso

Os instrumentos de regulação baseados no conhecimento: o caso do programme for international student assessment (PISA)

This text focuses on the study of a KRT (Knowledgebased Regulation Tool), within the wider framework of the new modes of regulation in education, and use of instruments in public action. The world economy is gradually more knowledge-based. Knowledge emerges as a tool for policy-making and for regulating social actors, and legitimating the political decision-making. We choose the OECDs Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) as an example of a KRT. The article is based on six case-studies, with interviews and document analysis. Our goal was to study the circulation and use of PISA, in Belgium, Scotland, France, Hungary, Portugal and Romania, trying to show that PISA is indeed a KRT, thus proving the circular relationship between knowledge and policy, because as a policy instrument it produces knowledge, and as a scientific tool it produces policy.

Espaces, acteurs et modalités de l’hybridité politique. Le cas de la construction d’un modèle pour l’évaluation externe des écoles au Portugal dans la première décennie du siècle

Cet article propose un cadre conceptuel pour l’etude de l’adoption d’instruments d’evaluation durant la premiere decennie du siecle au Portugal. Ces instruments de regulation par la connaissance se construisent au travers de processus sociaux et cognitifs qui impliquent des flux multidirectionnel de connaissances et d’idees politiques. L’article accorde une attention particuliere au processus d’assemblage et de coordination des differents mondes sociaux impliques dans la mise en place des dispositifs d’evaluation. Il developpe la notion d’hybridation qui parait particulierement adequate pour l’etude des multiples forces sociales a l’oeuvre.