Neeraj Nehra

Neural Network Based Energy Efficient Clustering and Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Energy is a valuable resource in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The status of energy consumption should be continuously monitored after network deployment. The information about energy status can be used to early notify both sensor nodes and Network Deployers about resource depletion in some parts of the network. It can also be used to perform energy-efficient routing in WSNs. In this paper, we propose a neural network based clustering and energy efficient routing in WSN with the objective of maximizing the network lifetime. In the proposed scheme, the problem is formulated as linear programming (LP) with specified constraints. Cluster head selection is done using adaptive learning in neural networks followed by routing and data transmission. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can be used in wide area of applications in WSNs. Keywords: Sensor networks; Energy Efficient Routing, Linear Programming, Neural Networks

Routing with Load Balancing in Ad Hoc Network: A Mobile Agent Approach

An ad hoc wireless mobile network is an infrastructure-less network that has no fixed routes; instead, all nodes are capable of movement and can be connected dynamically in an arbitrary manner. In order to facilitate communication of mobile nodes that may not be within the wireless range of each other, an efficient routing protocol is needed to discover routes between nodes so that messages may be delivered in a timely manner. Therefore in this paper, we propose routing with load balancing using mobile agent (RLBMA). We use the concept of mobile agent (MA) for route discovery and balance the traffic load on the route. This MA selects the disjoint (alternate) path called active path set (APS) for reliable transmission to avoid congestion. RLBMA provides topology updation and path maintenance also. A comprehensive simulation study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. Performance results shows that MA approach outperforms existing ad hoc routing protocols in terms of packet delivery fraction, average end-to-end delay and normalized routing load.

Towards Dynamic Load Balancing in Heterogeneous Cluster Using Mobile Agent

Dynamic load balancing (DLB) plays a critical role in developing high performance cluster. It is an important system function to distribute workload among available processors to improve throughput. Existing load balancing techniques are mainly concerned about the use of two main resources namely CPU and Memory. But there are certain I/O data Intensive applications where load balancing becomes important issue. Due to the ignorance of I/O resources, the previous CPU or memory based load balancing techniques suffer a major performance drop. Hence in this paper we propose Mobile Agent Based Load Balancing (MALB) algorithm for these types of applications. In order to distribute the incoming load on participating nodes, we use mobile agent (MA). A value function which is sum of all three types of resources including CPU, Memory and I/O is considered. The MA choose this value function as a trademark for load transfer. Different metrics are used to compare load balancing mechanism with the existing technology. The experiment is carried out on cluster of PCs divided into multiple LANs using PMADE (Platform for Mobile agent distribution and execution).

A Multi-Agent system for Distributed Dynamic Load Balancing on Cluster

Dynamic load balancing (DLB) is an important system function destined to distribute workload among participating nodes to improve throughput and/or execution times of parallel computers. Instead of balancing the load in cluster by process migration, or by moving an entire process to a less loaded computer, we make an attempt to balance load by splitting processes into separate jobs and then balance them among nodes. In order to get target, we use mobile agent (MA) to distribute load among nodes in a cluster. In this paper, distributed dynamic load balancing using MA (DDLBMA) technique is presented. We introduce types of agents needed to meet the requirements of the proposed load balancing. Different metrics are used to compare load balancing mechanism with the existing technology. The experiment is carried out on cluster of PCs divided into multiple local area network (LAN) using mobile agent system PMADE (Platform for Mobile agent distribution and execution). Preliminary experimental results demonstrated that the proposed technique is effective.

MASLKE: Mobile Agent Based Secure Location aware Key Establishment in sensor networks

Key establishment is a fundamental prerequisite for secure communication in wireless sensor networks (WSN). In this regard, symmetric key cryptography is very attractive in WSN. In this paper, we have proposed Mobile Agent (MA) Based Secure Location aware Key Establishment (MASLKE). In MASLKE, MAs find the location of sensor nodes and this information is used for key generation and distribution. MASLKE provides secure key exchange in intra and inter domain of the network and achieves high connectivity in WSN. Simulation results show that MASLKE is quite effective in achieving the goal of secure key distribution in large scale WSN.

MASD: mobile agent based service discovery in ad hoc networks

Service discovery is an integral part of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). While several service discovery protocols such as Service Location Protocol [1] and Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)[2] have been developed, most of them are designed for infrastructure based networks and thus not suitable to be used in MANETs. This paper proposes Mobile Agent Based Service Discovery (MASD) for Ad Hoc network. It is a policy driven agent based mechanism that facilitates cross platform service discovery in ad-hoc environments. The various agents are chosen in MASD which executes the predefined policies. Our approach achieves a high degree of flexibility in adapting itself to changes in ad-hoc environments and is aware of common problems associated with structured compound formation in mobile Ad Hoc environments. Mechanism consists of grouping mobile nodes into clusters while a gateway in each cluster is responsible for routing. We evaluated the performance of the scheme by running simulations on Glomosim simulator. Also the motion of agents is taken care of by PMADE (Platform for Mobile Agent Distribution and Execution).The results obtained shows that MASD is quite effective for successful service discovery in MANETs.

Trust Aware Rouitng with Load Balancing in Ad Hoc Network Using Mobile Agent

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), a source node must rely on other nodes to forward its packets on multi-hop routes to the destination. Secure and reliable handling of packets by the intermediate nodes is difficult to ensure in an ad hoc network. This is particularly challenging when malicious nodes collude with one another to disrupt the network operation. So we propose a trust establishment scheme for MANETs which aims to improve the reliability of packet forwarding over multi-hop routes in the presence of potentially malicious nodes using mobile agent (MA). We evaluate two key metric for trust establishment namely trust and confidence which are used by corresponding MA for route discovery and topology maintenance. We have extended the solution to secure the network against colluding malicious nodes. Proposed scheme is evaluated using PMADE (platform for mobile agent distribution and execution) along with Glomosim. Simulation results shows that proposed scheme is quite effective for trust establishment in ad hoc networks.