Neil S. Fishman

Salt Precipitation in Ultratight Porous Media and Its Impact on Pore Connectivity and Hydraulic Conductivity: SALT PRECIPITATION IN POROUS MEDIA

The degree of salt precipitation and its impact on fluid flow in ultratight porous media are investigated in three preserved core plugs selected from two different wells in an unconventional hydrocarbon reservoir. Small specimens are cut from the core plugs and then imaged using a focused ion beam scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) to detect any salt precipitation in the pore space. The SEM results show that salt covers the pore walls and either partially or fully blocks pore elements, making some parts of the pore space inaccessible to flow. To examine the effect of salt removal on fluid flow, one of the core plugs is subjected to a cleaning process. The plug is initially saturated with methanol, and then methanol is continuously injected into the sample while the effluent is periodically titrated using silver nitrate to monitor salt removal. The variation of the salinity of the methanol effluent with time, the decrease in the pressure drop across the core, and the increased permeability to methanol indicated the effectiveness of the cleaning process. The successful removal of salt from the sample prompts the adoption of a new workflow for preparing tight rock samples for laboratory experiments.

Introduction to special section: China shale gas and shale oil plays

In the last 10 years, the success of shale gas and shale oil productions as a result of technological advances in horizontal drilling, hydraulic fracturing and nanoscale reservoir characterization have revolutionized the energy landscape in the United States. Resource assessment by the China