Nerijus Jusas

An Energy Efficient Protocol For The Internet Of Things

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technological revolution that represents the future of computing and communications. One of the most important challenges of IoT is security: protection of data and privacy. The SSL protocol is the de-facto standard for secure Internet communications. The extra energy cost of encrypting and authenticating of the application data with SSL is around 15%. For IoT devices, where energy resources are limited, the increase in the cost of energy is a very significant factor. In this paper we present the energy efficient SSL protocol which ensures the maximum bandwidth and the required level of security with minimum energy consumption. The proper selection of the security level and CPU multiplier, can save up to 85% of the energy required for data encryption.

Generation of the Secret Encryption Key Using the Signature of the Embedded System

Program protection, programming code integrity and intellectual property protection are important problems in embedded systems. Security mechanisms for embedded systems have some specific restrictions related to limited resources, bandwidth requirements and security. In this paper we develop a secret encryption key generation algorithm by using the signature of the embedded system. We explore the qualitative characteristic of the generated keys - the entropy. Experiments showed that the generated secret keys have high entropy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.41.4.1162

Model-Driven Approach for Body Area Network Application Development

This paper introduces the sensor-networked IoT model as a prototype to support the design of Body Area Network (BAN) applications for healthcare. Using the model, we analyze the synergistic effect of the functional requirements (data collection from the human body and transferring it to the top level) and non-functional requirements (trade-offs between energy-security-environmental factors, treated as Quality-of-Service (QoS)). We use feature models to represent the requirements at the earliest stage for the analysis and describe a model-driven methodology to design the possible BAN applications. Firstly, we specify the requirements as the problem domain (PD) variability model for the BAN applications. Next, we introduce the generative technology (meta-programming as the solution domain (SD)) and the mapping procedure to map the PD feature-based variability model onto the SD feature model. Finally, we create an executable meta-specification that represents the BAN functionality to describe the variability of the problem domain though transformations. The meta-specification (along with the meta-language processor) is a software generator for multiple BAN-oriented applications. We validate the methodology with experiments and a case study to generate a family of programs for the BAN sensor controllers. This enables to obtain the adequate measure of QoS efficiently through the interactive adjustment of the meta-parameter values and re-generation process for the concrete BAN application.

A Converging Distributed Positioning Algorithm for Internet-of-Things

A distributed algorithm for node and user localization for Internet-of-Things (IoT) Ad-Hoc networks is presented. Proposed algorithm is independent of specific wireless communication technologies and protocols. Expected 0,3 m accuracy of ranging measurements are used as representation of 1ns timing resolution within Time-of-Arrival (ToA) ranging measurements. Simulation of such algorithm is analysed and discussed. It is shown that algorithm is scalable, capable of adaptive incorporation of external positioning information and self-correcting. Novelty of proposed positioning algorithm for IoT nodes consists of introduction of Local Reference Frames (LRF) and means for positioning solution to transition between them, and to integrate absolute positioning solution in order to achieve network convergence. Relative positioning solution can be used to track relative position and movement of the network nodes before network converges to absolute coordinate system. Proposed method allows convergence to occur in parts of the network independent of any centralized algorithm and can employ various independent measurements. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.23.6.19697

A Model-Driven Framework to Develop Personalized Health Monitoring

Both distributed healthcare systems and the Internet of Things (IoT) are currently hot topics. The latter is a new computing paradigm to enable advanced capabilities in engineering various applications, including those for healthcare. For such systems, the core social requirement is the privacy/security of the patient information along with the technical requirements (e.g., energy consumption) and capabilities for adaptability and personalization. Typically, the functionality of the systems is predefined by the patient’s data collected using sensor networks along with medical instrumentation; then, the data is transferred through the Internet for treatment and decision-making. Therefore, systems creation is indeed challenging. In this paper, we propose a model-driven framework to develop the IoT-based prototype and its reference architecture for personalized health monitoring (PHM) applications. The framework contains a multi-layered structure with feature-based modeling and feature model transformations at the top and the application software generation at the bottom. We have validated the framework using available tools and developed an experimental PHM to test some aspects of the functionality of the reference architecture in real time. The main contribution of the paper is the development of the model-driven computational framework with emphasis on the synergistic effect of security and energy issues.

Security Level versus Energy Consumption in Wireless Protocols for Internet of Things

The Internet of Things is a rapidly evolving technology, which creates new challenges to security and energy consumption of devices at the various environmental conditions. Wireless communication technologies are one of the bases of IoT. In this paper, we proposed the security requirements of IoT applications to relate with the operating modes of wireless protocols. In addition, we presented the measurement and analysis of energy consumption and data transfer rates of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth protocols, depending on the security requirements of applications and conditions of environment.