Nese Basak

Protective role of Diospyros lotus on cisplatin-induced changes in sperm characteristics, testicular damage and oxidative stress in rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Diospyros lotus (DL) on cisplatin (CP)‐induced testicular damage in male rats. Twenty‐eight male rats were randomly divided into four groups: group 1 – control, given isotonic saline solution; group 2 – CP 7 mg kg−1 given intraperitoneally as single dose; group 3 – DL 1000 mg kg−1 per day given orally for 10 days; group 4 – CP and DL given together at the same doses. CP caused a significant increase in thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) level and a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels in rats testis tissues compared to the control group. CP caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation in testis tissues compared to the control group, whereas DL led to a significant increase in SOD and GSH levels. However, there were no statistically significant changes in GPx and CAT levels. In addition, serum testosterone levels, sperm concentration and sperm motility were significantly decreased, but abnormal sperm rate and histological changes were increased with CP. However, these effects of CP on sperm parameters, histological changes and the tissue weights were eliminated by DL treatment. In conclusion, our study showed that the reproductive toxicity caused by CP may be prevented by DL treatment.

Hesperidin protects testicular and spermatological damages induced by cisplatin in rats

The clinic usage of cisplatin, an anticancer drug, is limited due to it has many side effects in many systems and organs. In this context, it was aimed to investigate the protective effect of hesperidin, a citrus flavonoid, on testicular and spermatological damages induced by cisplatin in rats. The rats were randomly divided into four groups. The first group was kept as a control. In the second groups, cisplatin was given at the single dose of 7 mg kg−1 intraperitoneally. In the third group, hesperidin was orally administered at the dose of 50 mg/kg day−1 for 14 days. In the fourth group, cisplatin and hesperidin were given together at the same doses. Cisplatin treatment caused significant reductions enzymatic (SOD, CAT and GPx) and nonenzymatic (GSH) antioxidants and significant induction level of TBARS. In addition, cisplatin treatment caused decreased sperm motility, epididymal sperm concentration, increased abnormal sperm rate and histopathological damage. In contrast, hesperidin treatment significantly attenuated the harmful effects. In conclusion, this study clearly demonstrated that hesperidin has protective effects on cisplatin‐induced reproductive system toxicity depending on its antioxidant properties. Thus, it is thought that hesperidin may be useful against cisplatin toxicity in patients with cancer in terms of reproductive system.

The Effects of Body Mass Index on Second-Trimester Amniotic Fluid Cytokine and Matrix Metalloproteinase Levels

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of obesity on amniotic fluid (AF) inflammatory markers in second-trimester AF, testing the hypothesis that there is a relationship between maternal body mass index (BMI) and fetal inflammatory exposure. Methods: AF was obtained from 84 singleton pregnant women undergoing elective amniocentesis for karyotype analysis at 16-24 weeks of gestation between April 2014 and May 2016. The cell-free AF was used to analyze interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-6, and MMP-13. Results: IL-1β levels were significantly higher in class II-III obese patients than in class I obese, overweight, and normal weight patients (14.68 ± 1.37 vs. 13.34 ± 1.86 vs. 13.00 ± 2.22 vs. 10.78 ± 1.92, respectively; p < 0.05). IL-6 levels were lowest in the normal weight group and highest in class II-III obese patients. MMP-1, MMP-6, and MMP-13 levels were also significantly higher in class II-III obese patients than in the other groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the fetuses of class II-III obese women are exposed in utero to higher cytokine and MMP levels than fetuses of lean women. Modification of current cutoff levels of intra-amniotic cytokines and MMPs according to the BMI could improve the accuracy of the prenatal diagnosis of intra-amniotic infection and inflammation.

Beneficial effects of β-glucan against cisplatin side effects on the nervous system in rats 1.

PURPOSE To investigate the protective effect of Bg on cisplatin (CP)-induced neurotoxicity in rats. METHODS Twenty eight rats were randomly distributed into four groups. The first group was kept as a control. In the second group, CP was given at the single dose of 7 mg/kg intraperitoneally. In the third group, βg was orally administered at the dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 14 days. In the fourth group, CP and βg were given together at the same doses. RESULTS CP treatment caused significant oxidative damage via induction of lipid peroxidation and reductions antioxidant defense system potency in the brain tissue. In addition, histopathological damage increased with CP treatment. On the other hand, βg treatment largely prevented oxidative and histopathological negative effects of CP. CONCLUSIONS Cisplatin has severe neurotoxic effects in rats and βg supplementation has significant beneficial effects against CP toxicity depending on its antioxidant properties. Thus, it appears that βg might be useful against CP toxicity in patients with cancer in terms of nervous system.

The beneficial effects of Montelukast against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin toxicity in female reproductive system in rats

PURPOSE To determine the toxic effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on reproductive system and the beneficial effects of Montelukast (ML) with histological and biochemical analysis. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (control, TCDD, ML and TCDD+ML). Tissue samples were collected on day 60 and oxidative status and histological alterations were analyzed. RESULTS The results showed a significant increase in oxidative and histological damage on uterine and ovarian tissues. Otherwise, the oxidative and histological damages caused by TCDD were prevented with ML treatment. CONCLUSION The toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on female reproductive system were reversed with Montelukast treatment. Therefore, we claimed that ML treatment might be useful for TCDD toxicity.

The beneficial effects of nerolidol and hesperidin on surgically induced endometriosis in a rat model

Abstract The objective of this article is to analyze the effects of nerolidol and hesperidin treatment on surgically induced endometriosis in a rat model. Endometriosis was induced in 24 healthy adult female Wistar albino rats via homologous uterine horn transplantation. Three operations were performed on each rat. After the second operation, the rats were randomized into control, nerolidol, and hesperidin treatment groups, and medications were administered for 2 weeks. The effects of the drugs on the endometriotic foci were evaluated after the third operation. Compared with the endometriosis control group, the average volume of the lesions was significantly lower in rats treated with hesperidin and nerolidol. Malondialdehyde levels were significantly reduced in the nerolidol-treated group, and glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase activity were significantly elevated in the endometriotic foci of both the hesperidin- and nerolidol-treated groups compared with the endometriosis group. Hesperidin and nerolidol treatment also improved histological parameters, such as hemorrhage, vascular congestion, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the endometriotic foci. The results of this study demonstrated that treatment with the potent antioxidants nerolidol and hesperidin caused a significant regression of surgically induced endometriotic foci in rats. 摘要 本文的目的是在小鼠模型中分析橙花叔醇和橙皮苷治疗对手术后子宫内膜异位症的影响。通过同源子宫角移植在24只健康成年雌性Wistar白化鼠中诱发子宫内膜异位症。对每只小鼠进行三次手术。在第二次手术后, 将小鼠随机分为对照组, 橙花叔醇组和橙皮苷治疗组, 并给予药物治疗2周。在第三次手术后评估药物对子宫内膜异位灶的影响。与子宫内膜异位症组相比, 橙皮苷和橙花叔醇治疗组小鼠的病灶平均体积显著降低。在橙花叔醇处理组中, 丙二醛水平显著降低, 并且与子宫内膜异位症组相比, 橙花叔醇组和橙皮苷治疗组中子宫内膜异位灶中谷胱甘肽水平和超氧化物歧化酶活性显著升高。橙皮苷和橙花叔醇治疗也改善了子宫内膜异位病灶的组织学参数, 如出血, 血管充血, 坏死和炎性细胞浸润。该研究结果表明, 小鼠体内强效抗氧化剂橙花叔醇和橙皮苷能使治疗术后子宫内膜异位灶显著消退。

The Protective Effects of Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Chrysin against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat Ovaries

Objective To evaluate the protective effects of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and chrysin (CH) on experimental ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat ovaries using tissue oxidative stress marker levels, hormone levels, and histopathological scores. Methods Sixty healthy rats were randomly divided into six equal groups: control, I/R, I/R + CH (50 mg/kg/day), I/R + GA (100 mg/kg/day), CH (50 mg/kg/day), and GA (100 mg/kg/day). Biochemical, hormonal, and histopathological evaluations were performed on blood and tissue samples 14 days after CH and GA treatment. Results The antioxidant defense system parameters were significantly higher in the ovarian tissues of the I/R + CH and I/R + GA groups than in those of the I/R group. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels were significantly reduced, and serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels were significantly increased in rats treated with CH and GA compared with those in the I/R group. Additionally, the histopathological scores of the I/R + CH and I/R + GA groups were significantly improved compared with those of the I/R group. Conclusions The significant improvements in tissue oxidative stress parameters, serum hormone levels, and histological scores observed in this study indicate that treatment with CH or GA may be a conservative approach to prevent I/R injury in adnexal torsion cases after the ovarian detorsion procedure.

The efficacy of hesperidin for treatment of acute otitis media

OBJECTIVES In this experimental study, the effect of hesperidin on the treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) was investigated in an AOM-induced rat model. METHODS In total, 35 rats were randomly divided into the following five groups (n=7): group 1 (control), group 2 (AOM with no treatment), group 3 (AOM+antibiotic), group 4 (AOM+hesperidin), and group 5 (AOM+hesperidin+antibiotic). On day 14, group 3,4 and 5 rats were given antibiotic and hesperidin via gavages, respectively. Histopathological and immunological analyses were performed and the results analyzed. RESULTS Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-1β were significantly decreased in the hesperidin- and antibiotic-treated groups compared to the AOM group. The AOM+antibiotic and AOM+hesperidin groups demonstrated reduced histological damage compared to the AOM group. Between the AOM+antibiotic and AOM+hesperidin groups, significant differences in tympanic membrane thickness(ThicTM), inflammation(Inf), and sclerosis(Sc) values were observed. However, no difference in epithelial damage(DamEpith), was seen between the two groups. There was a significant difference in the AOM+antibiotic and AOM+antibiotic+hesperidin groups compared to AOM group (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed that both antibiotic and hesperidin treatment reduced AOM symptoms in an AOM-induced rat model. The values in AOM+antibiotic+hesperidin group were markedly lower than those of the other groups. From our results, we propose that hesperidin, in combination with antibiotics, may provide a successful alternative treatment for AOM compared with antibiotics used alone.

The therapeutic effects of curcumin and capsaicin against cyclophosphamide side effects on the uterus in rats

PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of systemic cyclophosphamide treatment on the rat uterus and investigate the potential therapeutic effects of natural antioxidant preparations curcumin and capsaicin against cyclophosphamide side effects. METHODS A 40 healthy adult female Wistar albino rats were used in this study. Rats were randomly divided into four groups to determine the effects of curcumin and capsaicin against Cyclophosphamide side effects on the uterus (n=10 in each group); Group 1 was the control group (sham-operated), Group 2 was the cyclophosphamide group, Group 3 was the cyclophosphamide + curcumin (100mg/kg) group, and Group 4 was the cyclophosphamide + capsaicin (0.5 mg/kg) group. RESULTS Increased tissue oxidative stress and histological damage in the rat uterus were demonstrated due to the treatment of systemic cyclophosphamide chemotherapy alone. The level of tissue oxidant and antioxidant markers and histopathological changes were improved by the treatment of curcumin and capsaicin. CONCLUSION Cytotoxic effects of natural alkylating chemotherapeutic agents like cyclophosphamide on the uterus can be prevented by curcumin and capsaicin.

pH-Effect on Sinterability, Mechanical Properties and Cytotoxicity of Hydroxyapatite-Based Bone Grafts

Hydroxyapatite (HA) based bone grafts were synthesized by sol-gel method at various pH values 5, 7, 9 and 12, respectively. In order to ascertain the influence of the obtained bone grafts on the morphology, sinterability and mechanical properties, each composition was sintered at 11500C, and quantitative phase analysis was characterized by XRD and FTIR. The microstructures were studied via SEM-EDX and the validation of mechanical properties was evaluated by compression and Vickers hardness tests. The density of HA synthesis samples with different pH values before and after sintering were measured. Besides, the cytotoxicity analysis were conducted for all grafts having various pH values. The experimental results revealed that the density and mechanical strenght of HA based bone grafts were increased with increasing pH value. The highest hardness and strength were obtained for the samples having pH=12. Furthermore, the samples with pH=12 exhibited the best densification and properties when compared to the samples at pH of 5, 7 and 9. The cytotoxicity tests also indicated that the pH=7-12 value showed no toxicity to osteoblast cells at 0,1 and 0,3 µM concentration, whereas HA synthesis sample at pH=5 value with 0,3 µM concentration induced significantly and reduced cell viability.