Neuma Chaveiro

Assistência ao surdo na área de saúde como fator de inclusão social

Este estudo objetivou discutir a assistencia ao surdo na area de saude como fator de inclusao social; investigar junto aos surdos como se estabelece o vinculo com os profissionais da saude; verificar percepcoes dos surdos quanto a presenca de interpretes de lingua de sinais, quando recebem assistencia a saude. Pesquisa descritivo-analitica, com abordagem qualitativa realizada em uma escola especial em Goiânia. A amostra constou de 20 alunos surdos e a entrevista semi-estruturada foi utilizada para coletar os dados. Constatou-se que o vinculo e estabelecido quando os profissionais conseguem comunicar-se com os surdos; a inclusao do surdo nos servicos de saude evidencia dificuldades de comunicacao. Concluiu-se que a relacao profissional cliente precisa ser melhorada; que o vinculo ocorre quando o cliente se sente compreendido e que a presenca do interprete melhora, mas nao contribui totalmente para a inclusao social do surdo.The purposes of this article are to discuss the assistance to deaf people in the health area as a factor of social inclusion; to investigate with the deaf how the link with health workers is established; and to verify the deaf peoples perception of the presence of sign language interpreters when they get health assistance. This is a descriptive and analytical survey with a qualitative approach carried out at a special school in Goiânia. The sample was comprised of 20 deaf students, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. It was verified that the link is established when health workers are able to communicate with the deaf. The inclusion of the deaf in the health services is an evidence of difficulties in communication. It was concluded that the professional-client relationship must be improved, that the link occurs when the client feels himself/ herself understood, and that the presence of an interpreter improves but is not enough to ensure the inclusion of the deaf.

O ensino da ética nos cursos de graduação da área de saúde

This study provides an analysis of Brazilian articles on the teaching of ethics in undergraduate health courses from January 1997 to January 2009, using a search in the Virtual Health Library (VHL). Twenty-six articles met the inclusion criteria. The health fields receiving the main emphasis were medicine (19), nursing (5), and psychology and dentistry (1 each). Using content analysis, three thematic categories were identified: theoretical and philosophical reflections; pedagogical and methodological issues; and evaluation of the teaching of ethics. The main factors that influenced the learning of ethics were time of exposure to the course content and a crosscutting approach to ethics in the various other course disciplines. The study also highlighted the use of active methodologies and the professors ethical background and attitude. Given current changes in education, technological and scientific progress, and the field of bioethics itself, it is necessary to discuss how ethics is taught in the health professions.

Revisão de literatura sobre o atendimento ao paciente surdo pelos profissionais da saúde

O objetivo deste estudo de revisao sistematica da literatura e analisar e identificar a comunicacao entre o paciente surdo e o profissional da saude, bem como investigar a assistencia oferecida. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados informatizadas para a coleta de dados, tendo como palavras-chave os termos paciente, surdo e comunicacao. Os resultados foram agrupados em tres categorias: comunicacao, formacao dos profissionais da saude e aspectos legais. A categoria comunicacao aborda barreiras comunicativas, linguagem escrita e a presenca do interprete. Na segunda categoria, o foco esta na formacao dos profissionais referentes a comunidade surda. A terceira categoria relata os aspectos legais no atendimento ao paciente surdo. A revisao mostrou que ha barreiras de comunicacao entre paciente surdo e profissional da saude, e que o atendimento e um desafio para ambos. Ressalta tambem a necessidade de formacao sobre o paciente surdo.The purpose of this systematic literature review is to analyze and identify the communication between deaf patients and health professionals, as well as to investigate the care offered. The computerized databases were used for data collection, using the keywords paciente (patient), surdo (deaf person), and comunicação (communication). The results were grouped in three categories: communication, health professional education, and legal aspects. The communication category deals with communicative barriers, written language and the presence of the interpreter. In the second category, the focus is on the education of the professionals in relation to the deaf community. The third category reports the legal aspects involved in caring for deaf patients. The review showed that there are communication barriers between deaf patients and health professionals, and that health care is a challenge for both. It also emphasized that there is a need for education regarding the deaf patients.

Literature revision about the attendance of deaf patient by health professionals

O objetivo deste estudo de revisao sistematica da literatura e analisar e identificar a comunicacao entre o paciente surdo e o profissional da saude, bem como investigar a assistencia oferecida. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados informatizadas para a coleta de dados, tendo como palavras-chave os termos paciente, surdo e comunicacao. Os resultados foram agrupados em tres categorias: comunicacao, formacao dos profissionais da saude e aspectos legais. A categoria comunicacao aborda barreiras comunicativas, linguagem escrita e a presenca do interprete. Na segunda categoria, o foco esta na formacao dos profissionais referentes a comunidade surda. A terceira categoria relata os aspectos legais no atendimento ao paciente surdo. A revisao mostrou que ha barreiras de comunicacao entre paciente surdo e profissional da saude, e que o atendimento e um desafio para ambos. Ressalta tambem a necessidade de formacao sobre o paciente surdo.The purpose of this systematic literature review is to analyze and identify the communication between deaf patients and health professionals, as well as to investigate the care offered. The computerized databases were used for data collection, using the keywords paciente (patient), surdo (deaf person), and comunicação (communication). The results were grouped in three categories: communication, health professional education, and legal aspects. The communication category deals with communicative barriers, written language and the presence of the interpreter. In the second category, the focus is on the education of the professionals in relation to the deaf community. The third category reports the legal aspects involved in caring for deaf patients. The review showed that there are communication barriers between deaf patients and health professionals, and that health care is a challenge for both. It also emphasized that there is a need for education regarding the deaf patients.

Instrumentos em Língua Brasileira de Sinais para avaliação da qualidade de vida da população surda

OBJETIVO: Construir la version en Lengua Brasilena de Senales de los instrumentos WHOQOL-BREF y WHOQOL-DIS para evaluar la calidad de vida de la poblacion sorda brasilena.METODOS: Se utilizo la metodologia propuesta por la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (WHOQOL-BREF y WHOQOL-DIS) para la construccion de los instrumentos adaptado para la poblacion sorda en Lengua Brasilena de Senales (Libras). La investigacion para ejecucion del instrumento consistio de 13 etapas: 1) creacion de la senal de calidad de vida; 2) desarrollo de las escalas de respuestas en Libras; 3) traduccion por un grupo bilingue; 4) version reconciliadora; 5) primera retro-traduccion; 6) produccion de la version en Libras a ser disponibilizada a los grupos focales; 7) realizacion de los grupos focales; 8) revision por un grupo monolingue; 9) revision por un grupo bilingue; 10) analisis sintactico/semantico y segunda retro-traduccion; 11) re-evaluacion de la retro-traduccion por el grupo bilingue; 12) grabacion de la version para el software; 139 desarrollo del software WHOQOL-BREF y WHOQOL-DIS en Libras.RESULTADOS: Caracteristicas peculiares de la cultura de la poblacion sorda senalaron la necesidad de adaptaciones en la metodologia de aplicacion de grupos focales al estar compuestos por personas sordas. Las convenciones ortograficas de la escritura de las lenguas senalizadas no estan consolidadas, lo que trajo dificultades para registrar graficamente las etapas de la traduccion. Las estructuras linguisticas que causaron mayores problemas de traduccion fueron las que incluyeron expresiones idiomaticas del portugues, muchas sin conceptos equivalentes entre el portugues y la Libras. Fue posible construir un software del WHOQOL-BREF y WHOQOL-DIS en Libras.CONCLUSIONES: El WHOQOL-BREF y WHOQOL-DIS en Libras posibilitaron que los sordos se expresen autonomamente con relacion a su calidad de vida, lo que permitira investigar con mayor precision estos aspectos.OBJECTIVE To construct versions of the WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-DIS instruments in Brazilian sign language to evaluate the Brazilian deaf populations quality of life. METHODS The methodology proposed by the World Health Organization (WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-DIS) was used to construct instruments adapted to the deaf community using Brazilian Sign Language (Libras). The research for constructing the instrument took placein 13 phases: 1) creating the QUALITY OF LIFE sign; 2) developing the answer scales in Libras; 3) translation by a bilingual group; 4) synthesized version; 5) first back translation; 6) production of the version in Libras to be provided to the focal groups; 7) carrying out the Focal Groups; 8) review by a monolingual group; 9) revision by the bilingual group; 10) semantic/syntactic analysis and second back translation; 11) re-evaluation of the back translation by the bilingual group; 12) recording the version into the software; 13) developing the WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-DIS software in Libras. RESULTS Characteristics peculiar to the culture of the deaf population indicated the necessity of adapting the application methodology of focal groups composed of deaf people. The writing conventions of sign languages have not yet been consolidated, leading to difficulties in graphically registering the translation phases. Linguistics structures that caused major problems in translation were those that included idiomatic Portuguese expressions, for many of which there are no equivalent concepts between Portuguese and Libras. In the end, it was possible to create WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-DIS software in Libras. CONCLUSIONS The WHOQOL-BREF and the WHOQOL-DIS in Libras will allow the deaf to express themselves about their quality of life in an autonomous way, making it possible to investigate these issues more accurately.

Quality of life of deaf people who communicate in sign language: integrative review

O estudo objetivou revisar a producao cientifica sobre a qualidade de vida relacionada a saude (QVRS) de surdos. Trata-se de uma revisao integrativa, realizada na Biblioteca Virtual em Saude, PubMed e Portal de periodicos da Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (Capes). Os resultados indicam que sintomas de ansiedade e depressao sao mais acentuados nos surdos e podem estar relacionados a dificuldades de comunicacao. As pessoas que vivenciam problemas de comunicacao evitam novas relacoes sociais, e isso pode aumentar o isolamento social e reduzir a QVRS. Para os surdos que se comunicam pela Lingua de Sinais, a QVRS so pode ser efetivamente avaliada por instrumentos traduzidos e adaptados em sua lingua. Conclui-se que a surdez tem um impacto negativo sobre a qualidade de vida relacionada a saude (QVRS) de pessoas surdas.

Aspectos históricos e socioculturais da população surda

This work redeems, contextualizes and features the social, historical and cultural aspects of the deaf community that uses the Brazilian Sign Language focusing on the social and anthropological model. The scope of this study was to conduct a bibliographical review in scientific textbooks and articles available in the Virtual Health Library, irrespective of the date of publication. 102 articles and 53 books were located, including 33 textbooks and 26 articles (four from the Lilacs database and 22 from the Medline database) that constituted the sample. Today, in contrast with the past, there are laws that guarantee the right to communication and attendance by means of the Brazilian Sign Language. The repercussion, acceptance and inclusion in health policies of the decrees enshrined in Brazilian laws is a major priority.This work redeems, contextualizes and features the social, historical and cultural aspects of the deaf community that uses the Brazilian Sign Language focusing on the social and anthropological model. The scope of this study was to conduct a bibliographical review in scientific textbooks and articles available in the Virtual Health Library, irrespective of the date of publication. 102 articles and 53 books were located, including 33 textbooks and 26 articles (four from the Lilacs database and 22 from the Medline database) that constituted the sample. Today, in contrast with the past, there are laws that guarantee the right to communication and attendance by means of the Brazilian Sign Language. The repercussion, acceptance and inclusion in health policies of the decrees enshrined in Brazilian laws is a major priority.

Qualidade de vida dos surdos que se comunicam pela língua de sinais: revisão integrativa

O estudo objetivou revisar a producao cientifica sobre a qualidade de vida relacionada a saude (QVRS) de surdos. Trata-se de uma revisao integrativa, realizada na Biblioteca Virtual em Saude, PubMed e Portal de periodicos da Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (Capes). Os resultados indicam que sintomas de ansiedade e depressao sao mais acentuados nos surdos e podem estar relacionados a dificuldades de comunicacao. As pessoas que vivenciam problemas de comunicacao evitam novas relacoes sociais, e isso pode aumentar o isolamento social e reduzir a QVRS. Para os surdos que se comunicam pela Lingua de Sinais, a QVRS so pode ser efetivamente avaliada por instrumentos traduzidos e adaptados em sua lingua. Conclui-se que a surdez tem um impacto negativo sobre a qualidade de vida relacionada a saude (QVRS) de pessoas surdas.

Calidad de vida de los sordos que se comunican por la lengua de signos: revisión de integración

O estudo objetivou revisar a producao cientifica sobre a qualidade de vida relacionada a saude (QVRS) de surdos. Trata-se de uma revisao integrativa, realizada na Biblioteca Virtual em Saude, PubMed e Portal de periodicos da Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (Capes). Os resultados indicam que sintomas de ansiedade e depressao sao mais acentuados nos surdos e podem estar relacionados a dificuldades de comunicacao. As pessoas que vivenciam problemas de comunicacao evitam novas relacoes sociais, e isso pode aumentar o isolamento social e reduzir a QVRS. Para os surdos que se comunicam pela Lingua de Sinais, a QVRS so pode ser efetivamente avaliada por instrumentos traduzidos e adaptados em sua lingua. Conclui-se que a surdez tem um impacto negativo sobre a qualidade de vida relacionada a saude (QVRS) de pessoas surdas.

Instruments in Brazilian Sign Language for assessing the quality of life of the deaf population

OBJETIVO: Construir la version en Lengua Brasilena de Senales de los instrumentos WHOQOL-BREF y WHOQOL-DIS para evaluar la calidad de vida de la poblacion sorda brasilena.METODOS: Se utilizo la metodologia propuesta por la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (WHOQOL-BREF y WHOQOL-DIS) para la construccion de los instrumentos adaptado para la poblacion sorda en Lengua Brasilena de Senales (Libras). La investigacion para ejecucion del instrumento consistio de 13 etapas: 1) creacion de la senal de calidad de vida; 2) desarrollo de las escalas de respuestas en Libras; 3) traduccion por un grupo bilingue; 4) version reconciliadora; 5) primera retro-traduccion; 6) produccion de la version en Libras a ser disponibilizada a los grupos focales; 7) realizacion de los grupos focales; 8) revision por un grupo monolingue; 9) revision por un grupo bilingue; 10) analisis sintactico/semantico y segunda retro-traduccion; 11) re-evaluacion de la retro-traduccion por el grupo bilingue; 12) grabacion de la version para el software; 139 desarrollo del software WHOQOL-BREF y WHOQOL-DIS en Libras.RESULTADOS: Caracteristicas peculiares de la cultura de la poblacion sorda senalaron la necesidad de adaptaciones en la metodologia de aplicacion de grupos focales al estar compuestos por personas sordas. Las convenciones ortograficas de la escritura de las lenguas senalizadas no estan consolidadas, lo que trajo dificultades para registrar graficamente las etapas de la traduccion. Las estructuras linguisticas que causaron mayores problemas de traduccion fueron las que incluyeron expresiones idiomaticas del portugues, muchas sin conceptos equivalentes entre el portugues y la Libras. Fue posible construir un software del WHOQOL-BREF y WHOQOL-DIS en Libras.CONCLUSIONES: El WHOQOL-BREF y WHOQOL-DIS en Libras posibilitaron que los sordos se expresen autonomamente con relacion a su calidad de vida, lo que permitira investigar con mayor precision estos aspectos.OBJECTIVE To construct versions of the WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-DIS instruments in Brazilian sign language to evaluate the Brazilian deaf populations quality of life. METHODS The methodology proposed by the World Health Organization (WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-DIS) was used to construct instruments adapted to the deaf community using Brazilian Sign Language (Libras). The research for constructing the instrument took placein 13 phases: 1) creating the QUALITY OF LIFE sign; 2) developing the answer scales in Libras; 3) translation by a bilingual group; 4) synthesized version; 5) first back translation; 6) production of the version in Libras to be provided to the focal groups; 7) carrying out the Focal Groups; 8) review by a monolingual group; 9) revision by the bilingual group; 10) semantic/syntactic analysis and second back translation; 11) re-evaluation of the back translation by the bilingual group; 12) recording the version into the software; 13) developing the WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-DIS software in Libras. RESULTS Characteristics peculiar to the culture of the deaf population indicated the necessity of adapting the application methodology of focal groups composed of deaf people. The writing conventions of sign languages have not yet been consolidated, leading to difficulties in graphically registering the translation phases. Linguistics structures that caused major problems in translation were those that included idiomatic Portuguese expressions, for many of which there are no equivalent concepts between Portuguese and Libras. In the end, it was possible to create WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-DIS software in Libras. CONCLUSIONS The WHOQOL-BREF and the WHOQOL-DIS in Libras will allow the deaf to express themselves about their quality of life in an autonomous way, making it possible to investigate these issues more accurately.