Newton Narciso Pereira

Onshore ballast water treatment: a viable option for major ports.

Ballast water treatment consists of the elimination of exotic species. Currently, the development of alternative methods for this process is directed toward treatment onboard ships. However, we present onshore treatment as a viable alternative for ballast water treatment. We investigated onshore treatment in two iron ore ports with movement capacities of 25 and 90 million tons annually (Mta) that receive 7.5 and 25 million cubic meters annually (Mm(3)) of ballast water, respectively. Discrete event simulation was used as the method of analysis, considering the processes of arrival, berthing, ship loading and capture and treatment of ballast water. We analyzed data from 71 ships operating in these ports to validate our simulation model. We were able to demonstrate that onshore treatment does not impact the cargo capacity, occupation rate or average queuing time of ships at these ports. We concluded that implementation of onshore ballast water treatment may be practicable in ports that receive high volumes of ballast water.

Discrete event simulation combined with multi-criteria decision analysis applied to steel plant logistics system planning

This paper aims the development and employment of a computational tool to support strategic decisions about the planning and sizing of the logistics and production elements of a steel plant (stockyards, transportation fleet, etc.). This tool corresponds to a hybrid software application able to analyze and evaluate the complex logistic problem proposed by combining the techniques of Discrete Event Simulation (DES) Modeling and Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Also, are presented the proposed steel plant logistic system characteristics, as well as the methodologies applied to build the computational tool and to analyze the simulation results. The study concludes that the DES model combined with MCDA methodology is highly efficient regarding complex logistic systems major characteristics assessment.

Ballast water: A threat to the Amazon Basin

Ballast water exchange (BWE) is the most efficient measure to control the invasion of exotic species from ships. This procedure is being used for merchant ships in national and international voyages. The ballast water (BW) salinity is the main parameter to evaluate the efficacy of the mid-ocean ballast water exchange. The vessels must report to the Port State Control (PSC), via ballast water report (BWR), where and how the mid-ocean BWE was performed. This measure allows the PSC to analyze this information before the ship arrives at the port, and to decide whether or not it should berth. Ship BW reporting forms were collected from the Captaincy of Santana and some ships were visited near the Port of Santana, located in Macapá (Amazon River), to evaluate the BW quality onboard. We evaluated data submitted in these BWR forms and concluded that the BWE efficacy might be compromised, because data contained in these BWR indicate that some ships did not change their BW. We found mistakes in filling the BWR forms and lack of information. Moreover, these ships had discharged BW with high level of salinity, Escherichia coli and total coliforms into the Amazon River. We concluded that the authorities of the Amazon Region need to develop more efficient proceedings to evaluate the ballast water reporting forms and BW quality, as there is potential risk of future invasion of exotic species in Brazilian ports.

A Diagnostic of Diesel-Electric Propulsion for Ships

The main objective of this paper is to present an analysis on diesel electric −DE− propulsion systems used on naval, maritime and fluvial ships. There are many advantages and some disadvantages of this system; besides, new propulsion systems have been developed to aid in the maneuvering and steering of ships. Recently, electric ships have employed a very interesting architectural arrangement and these technologies permit achieving more efficiency and a reduction of operational cost and weight. Considerations for propulsion systems utilizing the various types of machine technologies such as the Azipod system are also discussed.

Monitoramento da qualidade da água de lastro como suporte à gestão no Porto de Santana-AP – Amazônia Estuarina/Brasil

Em capítulos anteriores, foi observado o notável número de navios que circulam pelos oceanos e estuários em todo o globo. Na atualidade esse número é próximo de 55 mil embarcações, com proporcional volume de mercadorias (commodities) e água de lastro transportados devido ao fenômeno econômico da globalização. Em relação ao transporte e transferência de água de lastro, entre diversos países e regiões do planeta (UNCTAD, 2008), há uma forte preocupação sobre quais consequências a circulação de navios pode causar ao ambiente.

Onshore Reception Facilities for ballast water

This paper completes an exploration analysis of onshore ballast water treatment alternatives at major ports. e authors had presented results for option (1) ballast water treatment onshore installed in two iron ore ports in 2012 applying the discrete events simulation model. Now, two more options are presented: (2) mobile and (3) desalination reception facilities. e previous simulation model developed called TRANSBALLAST, was adapted to consider these two new alternatives. is model was applied to the same ports presented in 2012 and this evaluation also includes one more port with 50 million tons annually (Mta) of iron ore transport capacity. e results uncovered that for (2) there is an increase of 1.90 days on the average waiting time of ships that moored at Port 1. In (3), the average waiting time and berth occupation rates were observed to remain the same presented in (1). One of the major differences between the systems consists in catching sea water to increase the desalination plant operational capacity. Among those three onshore ballast water treatment alternatives, (2) does not impact port terminals infrastructure. Additionally, option (2) could be offered to ports users as a ballast water treatment service and ship-owners might not need any onboard ballast water treatment system. (3) Might be feasible to ports regions without enough water supplies solving two issues: transfer of invasive species from ballast water and water recycling.

Physical objects on navigation channal simulation models

This paper presents the results of a simulation using physical objects. This concept integrates the physical dimensions of an entity such as length, width, and weight, with the usual process flow paradigm, recurrent in the discrete event simulation models. Based on a naval logistics system, we applied this technique in an access channel of the largest port of Latin America. This system is composed by vessel movement constrained by the access channel dimensions. Vessel length and width dictates whether it is safe or not to have one or two ships simultaneously. The success delivered by the methodology proposed was an accurate validation of the model, approximately 0.45% of deviation, when compared to real data. Additionally, the model supported the design of new terminals operations for Santos, delivering KPIs such as: canal utilization, queue time, berth utilization, and throughput capability.