Ngapuli I. Sinisuka

Life cycle cost analysis on the operation of power generation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the life cycle cost (LCC) on the operation of power generation. LCC is the total cost of ownership including the cost of the project or asset acquisition, operation and maintenance, and disposal. LCC includes both deterministic costs (such as acquisition costs, improvement costs and disposal costs) and probabilistic (such as the costs of failure, repairs, spare parts, downtime, lost gross margin). Most of the probabilistic costs are associated directly with the reliability and maintenance characteristics of the system.Design/methodology/approach – To be able to analyze failure data using appropriate cost profile in order to represent the fact that each failure has different prices, in different time periods at an economical cycle the new methodology of LCCA Diagram is proposed. Developing criticality ranking of sub‐system, calculating values of Weibull Shape Factor β and Weibull Characteristic Life η for each sub‐system, calculating the time to failure of su...

Resistivity and Dielectric Constant Characteristic of Soil If are Treated by Water, Salt and Carbon

The characteristic of resistivity and dielectric constant of soil is the importance thing for investigating the impedance of grounding system. The impedance of grounding systems have resistance, inductance and capacitance components. Resistance and capacitance depend on resistivity and permittivity of soil and the configuration of electrodes of grounding system. The characteristic variation of resistivity and permittivity depend on the environment condition such as water, salt, chemical solution etc. In this experiment the soil is treated by water, salt and carbon with percentage variation from 2.5% to 15% and injected by low frequency of current (f=50 Hz). The calculation of resistivity and permittivity used the equivalent circuit of soil. Influence of characteristic of resistivity and permittivity depend on the type of soil

Power quality of energy saving lamps under wide voltage variations

PLN, State-owned Electricity Company in Indonesia has been promoting energy saving lamps (ESLs) through demand-side management (DSM) program since 2005. As a result, those lamps are widely used in Indonesia. To avoid outages on the customers, a brownout strategy (voltage reduction) is sometimes used. The lamps are in this case operated at a lower voltage than their rating. The paper aims to investigate the effect on power quality of those voltage variations through a laboratory test. Value of harmonics, power factor and waveform of ESLs were analyzed. The test relates to 16 sample lamps commonly used in residential and commercial area, divided in 11 LED lamps and 5 CFLs covering different manufacturers and different power ratings. The experiment uses power meter to obtain the electrical characteristics. The supply voltage applied during testing was generated by an ideal power source without voltage harmonics to avoid effects linked to device non-linear behavior. The test results show that 4 types of LEDs and 2 types of CFLs can be identified based upon the input current waveform. However, their responses under voltage amplitude variation differ. This paper focuses on this specific electrical property, which is not readily documented. It was observed that only a few ESLs have low level of harmonic currents and high power factor, in concordance with low sensitivity to amplitude variations. Moreover, the experimental results are compared with the standard harmonic limit allowable for lighting load as per IEC 61000-3-2.

Alternative spatial approach on spatial demand forecasting for transmission expansion planning

Spatial load forecasting for transmission expansion planning requires forecasting in long term and valid to a large area. Its characteristics are different from the characteristics of spatial load forecasting which has been developed which have a short term and for limitless or small areas. In this paper carried out a qualitative approach to obtain an alternative approach that can address these problems. The result is new definition of spatial units as a function of the centre of economic growth. Modeling carried out on Sumatra Island, which shows the location of the load center in accordance with the location of the center of economic growth. These results can be used as a basis for planning the magnitude and the delivery of power in transmission expansion planning.

Macro Demand Spatial Approach (MDSA) with principal component analysis (PCA) on spatial demand forecasting for industrial area in transmission planning

Macro Demand Spatial Approach (MDSA) is an approach introduced in long time electricity demand forecasting considering location. It will be used at transmission planning and policy decision on electricity infrastructure development in a region. In the model, MDSA combined with principal component analysis (PCA) method to determine the variables that affecting electricity demand in industrial area. The variables are different for each load sector. Hypothesis on unique variables affecting electricity demand on every load sector in the industrial area were analyzed with qualitative methods and references. The variables have no significant effect can be reduced by using PCA. The generated models tested to assess whether it still at the range of confidence level of electricity demand forecasting. At the case study, generated model for South Sumatra Subsystem as a part of Sumatra System is still in the range of confidence level.

Macro Demand Spatial Approach (MDSA) combined with principal component analysis and qualitative analysis on spatial demand forecasting for main development area in transmission planning

Macro Demand Spatial Approach (MDSA) is an approach introduced in long time electricity demand forecasting considering location. It will be used at transmission planning and policy decision on electricity infrastructure development in a region. In the model, MDSA combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and qualitative analysis (QA) to determine main development area in region and the variables that affecting electricity demand in there. Main development area is an area with industrial domination as a driver of economic growth. The electricity demand driver variables are different for type of electricity consumer. However, they will be equal for main development areas. The variables have no significant effect can be reduced by using PCA. The generated models tested to assess whether it still at the range of confidence level of electricity demand forecasting. At the case study, generated model for main development areas at South Sumatra Subsystem as a part of Sumatra System is still in the range of confidence level. Thus, MDSA can be proposed as alternative approach in transmission planning that considering location.

Interconnection service fee for generator of industrial and arc Furnace customers

This thesis presents the study of hidden electrical commodity cost. The study will start with theory from many reliable sources. After that, the study will make model to give visualizations about hidden electrical commodity. Model will not complete without case study, this case study will give more visualizations even to non electrical engineering peer. The last purpose of this study is making the comparison between paying TDL and paying the service fee from this study. This study will make model of reactive power unbundling tariff in Indonesia. Independence Power Producer (IPP) gives PLN more excess energy but as a company, IPP will operate to make profit and advantage as big as they can. This profit and advantages will be the economic aspect of the service fee. Captive Power was new chronology in electrical engineering world and as utility company; we must prepare to anticipation this condition. Indonesian Electrical Utility Company CEO with letter number no 03093/101/DIRUT/2010 has forbidden Captive Power. But there are some consumers that really need captive power and the existing one so the charge will base on that. Industry consumer has low Power Factor, this low Power Factor will be the economic aspect of the service fee. Arc Furnace costumers has same characteristic with another industry costumers but they operate theirs with arc furnaces. The risk of using arc furnace will be the economic aspect of the service fee.

The Influence of Resistivity and Dielectric Constant of Soil Which is Injected by Low to High Current Frequency

Grounding system in actual consist of electrodes configuration (vertical, horizontal, grid) and soil where these electrodes are planted. The grounding system which is installed to power systems or lightning protection system will be injected by low to high frequency. Electrical characteristic of soil (resistivity and dielectric constant) will be varied caused by injected current frequency variation. The variation of resistivity and dielectric constant depend on mineral composition of soil. As we know well that the soil constant of clay, silt, sand and gravel. Clay have an unstable chemical bonding and silt, sand and gravel have a stable chemical bonding, so if we have to know the type of clay for investigating the resistivity and dielectric constant of soil. In this experiment we used the soil with water treatment. Frequency of power supply is 0 Hz-13 MHz. The computation for investigating resistivity and dielectric constant used circuit equivalent of soil. Resistivity and dielectric constant will descend with frequency ascent, but the formulation of descending depends on the type of clay

Maintenance Decision Models for Java–Bali 150-kV Power Transmission Submarine Cable Using RAMS

The application of reliability, availability, maintainability, and security (RAMS) analysis is currently developing in many fields of an electrical power system. The focus of this paper is to demonstrate the applicability of RAMS to analyze maintenance planning on the 150-kV submarine cables of the Java-Bali power transmission system in Indonesia. In this maintenance decision model, four alternatives of a maintenance scheme are made based on maintenance interval and cables mechanical protection. Monte Carlo simulation will be used to obtain a RAMS value of each alternative. The decision is made based on a cost-effectiveness parameter using a life cycle cost analysis.

The Use of Life Cycle Cost Analysis to Determine the Most Effective Cost of Installation of 500 kV Java-Sumatra Power Interconnection System

In order to transfer 3000-MW capacity of electricity from the mine-mouth coal-fired power plants in South Sumatra to the load center in Java, PLN Indonesia intends to build the Java-Sumatra Power Interconnection System. The scopes of these works of the Power Interconnection System are including: high voltage alternating current (HVAC) 500 kV Transmission Line in Java, HVAC 500 kV Transmission Line in Sumatra, high voltage direct current (HVDC) 500 kV Transmission Line in Java, HVDC 500 kV Transmission Line in Sumatra, and HVDC 500 kV Java-Sumatra submarine cables. This paper will analyze the financial feasibility study to ensure whether the project has economic benefit, and the asset would be used effectively and efficiently along its benefit period using life cycle cost analysis (LCCA). In this paper, an LCCA will be simulated to analyze three alternatives and to decide which alternative is the most profitable. Monte Carlo simulations and a break-even chart for a period of 30 years’ operation of the interconnection system are part of the LCCA models to achieve the objectives of this paper.