Ngoc-Khanh Tran

Kaluza-Klein structure associated with a fat brane

It is known that the imposition of orbifold boundary conditions on a background scalar field can give rise to a nontrivial vacuum expectation value along extra dimensions, which in turn generates fat branes and associated unconventional Kaluza-Klein (KK) towers of fermions. We study the structure of these KK towers in the limit of one large extra dimension and show that normalizable (bound) states of massless and massive fermions can exist at both orbifold fixed points. A closer look, however, indicates that orbifold boundary conditions act to suppress at least half of the bound KK modes, while periodic boundary conditions tend to drive high-lying modes to a conventional structure. By investigating the scattering of fermions on branes, we analytically compute the masses and wave functions of KK spectra in the presence of these boundary conditions up to the one-loop level. The implication of KK-number nonconservation couplings for the Coulomb potential is also examined.

Democratic mass matrices from five dimensions

We reconstruct the standard model quark masses and the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix from a five-dimensional model, with the fifth dimension compactified on an

Early SU(4)PS⊗SU(2)L⊗SU(2)R⊗SU(2)H unification of quarks and leptons

{S}^{1}{/Z}_{2}

Number-phase teleportation and the Heisenberg limit in interferometry: a "paradox" and some surprises

orbifold. Fermions are localized only at the orbifold fixed points and the induced quark mass matrices are almost democratic. Two specific versions of our model with 15 and 24 parameters are presented, and for both versions we can reproduce the quark mass spectrum and CKM matrix correctly to the level they are observed in current experiments.

Early unification of quarks and leptons

Abstract We discuss various aspects of the early petite unification (PUT) of quarks and leptons based on the gauge group G PUT = SU ( 4 ) PS ⊗ SU ( 2 ) L ⊗ SU ( 2 ) R ⊗ SU ( 2 ) H . This unification takes place at the scale M = O ( 1 – 2  TeV ) and gives the correct value of sin 2 θ W ( M Z 2 ) without the violation of the upper bound on the K L → μ e rate and the limits on FCNC processes. These properties require the existence of three new generations of unconventional quarks and leptons with charges up to 4 / 3 (for quarks) and 2 (for leptons) and masses O ( 250  GeV ) in addition to the standard three generations of quarks and leptons. The horizontal group SU ( 2 ) H connects the standard fermions with the unconventional ones. We work out the spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) of the gauge group G PUT down to the SM gauge group, generalize the existing one-loop renormalization group (RG) analysis to the two-loop level including the contributions of Higgs scalars and Yukawa couplings, and demonstrate that the presence of three new generations of heavy unconventional quarks and leptons with masses O ( 250  GeV ) is consistent with astrophysical constraints. The NLO and Higgs contributions to the RG analysis are significant while the Yukawa contributions can be neglected.

Early SU(4)_PS x SU(2)_L x SU(2)_R x SU(2)_H Unification of Quarks and Leptons

Following previous studies by Milburn and Braunstein, and Cochrane, Milburn, and Munro, we consider number-phase teleportation protocols. We investigate the use, as the teleportation quantum channel, of two-mode states with a perfectly well defined phase difference and number sum, which are also suitable for Heisenberg-limited interferometry. We show that intuition based on squeezing of these variables, which is commonly used to derive entangled states using the EPR paradox, can fail in this case to yield suitable teleportation channels. We show that the domain of failure is in fact of size 1/N, N being the total number of photons. We also point out another way of generating simpler analogs of number-sum/phase-difference eigenstates.

Early SU(4)PS⊗SU(2)L⊗SU(2)R⊗SU(2)HSU(4)PS⊗SU(2)L⊗SU(2)R⊗SU(2)H unification of quarks and leptons

Abstract We discuss various aspects of the early petite unification (PUT) of quarks and leptons based on the gauge group G PUT = SU ( 4 ) PS ⊗ SU ( 2 ) L ⊗ SU ( 2 ) R ⊗ SU ( 2 ) H . This unification takes place at the scale M = O ( 1 – 2  TeV ) and gives the correct value of sin 2 θ W ( M Z 2 ) without the violation of the upper bound on the K L → μ e rate and the limits on FCNC processes. These properties require the existence of three new generations of unconventional quarks and leptons with charges up to 4 / 3 (for quarks) and 2 (for leptons) and masses O ( 250  GeV ) in addition to the standard three generations of quarks and leptons. The horizontal group SU ( 2 ) H connects the standard fermions with the unconventional ones. We work out the spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) of the gauge group G PUT down to the SM gauge group, generalize the existing one-loop renormalization group (RG) analysis to the two-loop level including the contributions of Higgs scalars and Yukawa couplings, and demonstrate that the presence of three new generations of heavy unconventional quarks and leptons with masses O ( 250  GeV ) is consistent with astrophysical constraints. The NLO and Higgs contributions to the RG analysis are significant while the Yukawa contributions can be neglected.

Quantum teleportation with close-to-maximal entanglement from a beam splitter

Abstract We discuss various aspects of the early petite unification (PUT) of quarks and leptons based on the gauge group G PUT = SU ( 4 ) PS ⊗ SU ( 2 ) L ⊗ SU ( 2 ) R ⊗ SU ( 2 ) H . This unification takes place at the scale M = O ( 1 – 2  TeV ) and gives the correct value of sin 2 θ W ( M Z 2 ) without the violation of the upper bound on the K L → μ e rate and the limits on FCNC processes. These properties require the existence of three new generations of unconventional quarks and leptons with charges up to 4 / 3 (for quarks) and 2 (for leptons) and masses O ( 250  GeV ) in addition to the standard three generations of quarks and leptons. The horizontal group SU ( 2 ) H connects the standard fermions with the unconventional ones. We work out the spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) of the gauge group G PUT down to the SM gauge group, generalize the existing one-loop renormalization group (RG) analysis to the two-loop level including the contributions of Higgs scalars and Yukawa couplings, and demonstrate that the presence of three new generations of heavy unconventional quarks and leptons with masses O ( 250  GeV ) is consistent with astrophysical constraints. The NLO and Higgs contributions to the RG analysis are significant while the Yukawa contributions can be neglected.

Complete CKM quark mixing via dimensional deconstruction

Abstract We discuss various aspects of the early petite unification (PUT) of quarks and leptons based on the gauge group G PUT = SU ( 4 ) PS ⊗ SU ( 2 ) L ⊗ SU ( 2 ) R ⊗ SU ( 2 ) H . This unification takes place at the scale M = O ( 1 – 2  TeV ) and gives the correct value of sin 2 θ W ( M Z 2 ) without the violation of the upper bound on the K L → μ e rate and the limits on FCNC processes. These properties require the existence of three new generations of unconventional quarks and leptons with charges up to 4 / 3 (for quarks) and 2 (for leptons) and masses O ( 250  GeV ) in addition to the standard three generations of quarks and leptons. The horizontal group SU ( 2 ) H connects the standard fermions with the unconventional ones. We work out the spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) of the gauge group G PUT down to the SM gauge group, generalize the existing one-loop renormalization group (RG) analysis to the two-loop level including the contributions of Higgs scalars and Yukawa couplings, and demonstrate that the presence of three new generations of heavy unconventional quarks and leptons with masses O ( 250  GeV ) is consistent with astrophysical constraints. The NLO and Higgs contributions to the RG analysis are significant while the Yukawa contributions can be neglected.