Ngoc-Lan Nguyen

Sediminibacterium ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field, and emended descriptions of the genus Sediminibacterium and of Sediminibacterium salmoneum.

A Gram-negative bacterium, designated DCY13(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in South Korea. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DCY13(T) shared the highest sequence similarity (95.0 %) with Sediminibacterium salmoneum NBRC 103935(T) and 87.6-91.4 % sequence similarity with other members of the family Chitinophagaceae. Cells were non-spore-forming rods, catalase- and oxidase-positive, motile by gliding and facultatively anaerobic. The only respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids were iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 G. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.5±1.0 mol%. In addition to phosphatidylethanolamine, the major polar lipids were two unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified aminolipid and three unidentified polar lipids. The major cell-wall sugars were ribose, xylose and galactose. It is proposed that strain DCY13(T) represents a novel species in the genus Sediminibacterium, for which the name Sediminibacterium ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DCY13(T) ( = KCTC 12833(T)  = JCM 15794(T)  = DSM 22335(T)). Emended descriptions of the genus Sediminibacterium and of Sediminibacterium salmoneum are also proposed.

Flavobacterium ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field.

A novel bacterial strain, designated DCY54(T), was isolated from a field cultivated with ginseng in Yongin, Republic of Korea. Cells were Gram-reaction-negative, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, and strictly aerobic. They were motile by gliding and produced flexirubin-type pigments. Growth occurred optimally at 25-30 °C, at pH 5.0-7.0 and in the presence of 0-1 % NaCl. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis demonstrated that strain DCY54(T) was most closely related to Flavobacterium defluvii EMB117(T) (96.9 %). The only isoprenoid quinone of strain DCY 54(T) was menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The major cellular fatty acids (>15 %) were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 33.3 mol%. Phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data supported affiliation of strain DCY54(T) to the genus Flavobacterium. Several physiological and biochemical tests differentiated strain DCY54(T) from the species of the genus Flavobacterium with validly published names. On the basis of data from a polyphasic study, strain DCY54(T) represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium for which the name Flavobacterium ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DCY54(T) ( = KCTC 23318(T) = JCM 17336(T)).

Brachybacterium ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field

A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic bacterium, designed DCY80(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY80(T) belonged to the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) and was most closely related to Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810(T) (98.2 %). Colonies were circular, entire, low-convex, opaque and 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter after growth for 2 days on TSA at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 4-34 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 0-7.0 % NaCl. Strain DCY80(T) produced siderophores and was sensitive to penicillin G, erythromycin, cefazolin, oleandomycin, ceftazidime, vancomycin, tetracycline, novobiocin, carbamicillin, rifampicin and neomycin. The DNA G+C content was 71.0 mol%. Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY80(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The menaquinones were MK-7 (85.8 %) and MK-8 (14.2 %). The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (69.1 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12.2 %). Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and five unidentified polar lipids were found. On the basis of our phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain DCY80(T) represents a novel species of the genus Brachybacterium, for which the name Brachybacterium ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed (type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T)).

Chryseobacterium ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of ginseng and emended description of Chryseobacterium gleum.

Strain DCY 63(T), isolated from the rhizosphere of ginseng, was a Gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY 63(T) belonged to the genus Chryseobacterium and was closely related to Chryseobacterium indoltheticum LMG 4025(T) (98.1 %), Chryseobacterium ginsenosidimutans THG 15(T) (98.0 %) and Chryseobacterium scophthalmum LMG 13028(T) (97.1 %). The major polar lipids of strain DCY 63(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), four unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified polar lipids, and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl). The predominant isoprenoid quinone of strain DCY 63(T) was MK-6 and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 31.6 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain DCY 63(T) and C. indoltheticum LMG 4025(T), C. ginsenosidimutans THG 15(T) and C. scophthalmum LMG 13028(T) were less than 30 %. On the basis of these data, strain DCY 63(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Chryseobacterium, for which the name Chryseobacterium ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DCY 63(T) (= KCTC 23760(T) = JCM 18019(T)). An emended description of Chryseobacterium gleum is also proposed.

Paracoccus panacisoli sp. nov., isolated from a forest soil cultivated with Vietnamese ginseng.

A novel bacterial strain, designated DCY94(T), was isolated from forest soil cultivated with ginseng in Vietnam. The strain was Gram-reaction-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped and catalase- and oxidase-positive. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that strain DCY94(T) was closely related to Paracoccus sphaerophysae Zy-3(T) (97.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paracoccus caeni MJ17(T) (96.9%). The fatty acid profile of strain DCY94(T) contained a predominant amount of summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c; 88.4%) and moderate to small quantities of C8 : 0 3-OH (1.0%), C10 : 0 3-OH (2.8%) and C18 : 0 (5.2%). Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and one unidentified glycolipid were major polar lipids; one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified phospholipid and four unidentified polar lipids were minor components. The polyamine pattern comprised the major compounds putrescine and spermidine and minor amounts of sym-homospermidine and spermine. The ubiquinone of the strain was Q-10 and the G+C content of its genomic DNA was 68.3 mol%. All these results support the placement of strain DCY94(T) within the genus Paracoccus . Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY94(T) and P. sphaerophysae HAMBI 3106(T) and P. caeni KCTC 22480(T) were 52 and 50%, respectively. The results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic tests, chemotaxonomic characterization and DNA-DNA relatedness studies distinguished strain DCY94(T) from the closest recognized species of the genus Paracoccus , suggesting that this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Paracoccus panacisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DCY94(T) ( = KCTC 42086(T) =JCM 30337(T)).

Pedobacter ginsengiterrae sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field

A Gram-stain-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacterial strain that was motile by gliding and produced a pink pigment, designated DCY49(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in a mountainous region of Chungbuk province, South Korea. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY49(T) belonged to the genus Pedobacter (93.0-96.3 % similarity). Strain DCY49(T) contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (containing C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 1ω6c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 0, and the main polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain DCY49(T) was 40.5 mol%. Strain DCY49(T) differed from related Pedobacter species by a number of phenotypic characteristics. On the basis of data from the present polyphasic study, strain DCY49(T) is described as representing a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter ginsengiterrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DCY49(T) ( = KCTC 23317(T) = JCM 17338(T)).

Bacillus ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field

A novel bacterial strain DCY53(T) was isolated from a soil sample from a ginseng field and was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Cells were Gram-reaction-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and motile with flagella. The strain was aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, optimum growth temperature and pH were 30-37 °C and 6.0-7.5, respectively. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain DCY53(T) was shown to belong to the genus Bacillus and the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus pocheonensis KCTC 13943(T) (98.3 %), Bacillus bataviensis LMG 21833(T) (98.0 %), Bacillus soli LMG 21838(T) (97.9 %), Bacillus drentensis LMG 21831(T) (97.8 %), Bacillus niacini DSM 2923(T) (97.8 %), Bacillus novalis LMG 21837(T) (97.7 %), Bacillus vireti LMG 21834(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus fumarioli LMG 17489(T) (97.3 %). The DNA G+C content was 43.6 mol% and the predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. The major fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The DNA-DNA relatedness with closest relatives was below 55 %. The results of the genotypic analysis in combination with chemotaxonomic and physiological data demonstrated that DCY53(T) represented a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus ginsengisoli. The type strain is DCY53(T) ( = KCTC 13945(T) = JCM 17335(T)).

Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp. nov., isolated from soil of a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field

A Gram-stain-positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium, designated DCY72(T), was isolated from the soil of a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field. Growth occurred at 4-34 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 4-10 (optimum pH 7), and with 0-5% NaCl (w/v). The major menaquinones of strain DCY72(T) were MK-9(H2) (81.0 %) and MK-10(H2) (12.2%). The major amino acid present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was L-lysine. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). The genomic DNA G+C content was 64.5 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY72(T) belonged to the family Micrococcaceae and was most closely related to Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646(T) (98.2% similarity). The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). was 12.9% ± 0.3, 25.6% ± 0.3, 26.6% ± 0.5 and 23.2% ± 0.9, respectively. On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and physiological characteristics, strain DCY72(T) represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DCY72(T) ( = KCTC 33072(T) = JCM 18514(T)).

Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp. nov., and Humibacter ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field

Two novel Gram-staining-positive bacteria, designated DCY60T and DCY90T, were isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed the two novel strains were closely related to members of the genus Humibacter with greatest similarity to Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T (98.8 and 98.4% for DCY60T and DCY90T, respectively). The predominant menaquinones present were MK-11 and MK-12. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 8 containing C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c. The DNA G+C contents of strains DCY60T and DCY90T were 62.8 and 66.8 mol%, respectively. The peptidoglycan of both strains contained the amino acids ornithine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine. The cell-wall sugars of strain DCY60T comprised glucose, galactose, rhamnose and xylose, while strain DCY90T contained glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. The major polar lipids of both strains were phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, and an unknown phospholipid. On the basis of the phenotypic analysis strains DCY60T and DCY90T represent novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which names Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp. nov. (type strain DCY60T = KCTC 33520T = JCM 30079T) and Humibacter ginsengisoli sp. nov. (type strain DCY90T = KCTC 33521T = JCM 30080T) are proposed.

Microbacterium panaciterrae sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of ginseng.

Strain DCY56(T) was isolated from a soil sample taken from a ginseng field. The strain was Gram-reaction positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic and non-motile. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, indicated that strain DCY56(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium. The closest relatives were Microbacterium azadirachtae AI-S262(T), Microbacterium aerolatum V-73(T) and Microbacterium phyllosphaerae DSM 13468(T) (98.0 %, 98.0 % and 97.5 % gene sequence similarity, respectively). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain DCY56(T) was 68.5 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain DCY56(T) and the most closely related type strains were lower than 36 %. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid. The predominant fatty acids contained iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The menaquinones were MK-12 and MK-13. The diagnostic diamino acid of strain DCY56(T) was ornithine. The dominant whole-cell sugars were glucose, rhamnose and ribose. The results of the genotypic analysis, in combination with chemotaxonomic and physiological data, demonstrate that strain DCY56(T) represents a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium panaciterrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DCY56(T) ( = KCTC 19884(T) = JCM 17839(T)).