Nicholas Owen

Patterning magnetic antidot-type arrays by Ga/sup +/ implantation

Motivated by reports of the effect of ion irradiation on the magnetic properties of thin films, this paper outlines a new and possibly advantageous method of patterning magnetic antidot-type arrays by changing the magnetic properties of thin-film NiFe through Ga/sup +/ implantation rather than by removal of material. Studies of conventional antidot arrays have reported regular remanent states of interest as possible stored bits trapped during hard axis magnetization reversal. In this paper, we report a study of Ga/sup +/ implanted antidot-type arrays, which also support remanent states during hard and easy axis magnetization reversal. The energetics of the implanted antidot-type array system are considered, and the reason for the different magnetization reversal process in comparison with conventional antidot arrays is speculated to be due to the energy associated with the increased coercivity and domain wall pinning at implantation-induced damage sites.

MEN AND THE 1970s BRITISH WOMEN'S LIBERATION MOVEMENT

This article examines the causes and consequences of the exclusion of men from the British Womens Liberation Movement in the 1970s. In common with many of the new social movements of the period, the Womens Liberation Movement was strongly committed to organizational autonomy and self-reliance, in the belief that the demands of oppressed groups should be formulated and presented directly by the oppressed themselves rather than made on their behalf by others, however sympathetic. Using contemporary archival sources, especially newsletters, conference papers, reports, and correspondence, the article explores the debates that surrounded this commitment, and the differing perspectives offered by socialist, radical, revolutionary, and other feminists. It describes the problems created by the presence of men on the edges of the Womens Liberation Movement in its early years, and the controversies that arose over their removal and the definition of women-only spaces. However, even absent men proved to be divisive, and the ‘problem of men’ persisted throughout the decade. The article also considers the responses of men to their exclusion, and their own self-organization in mens groups.

‘More than a transfer of power’: Independence day ceremonies in India, 15 August 1947

Despite great interest in ceremonial in recent years, the ceremonies of British decolonisation have attracted little attention from historians. This article examines the prototype Independence Day ceremonies held in India in August 1947. It argues that the ceremonies were planned to meet specific political crises for the departing British and for the victorious Congress in the early months of 1947. It also discusses the subversion of the official ceremonies by the expression of alternative views of the riieaning of independence.

Four Straws in the Wind: Metropolitan Anti-Imperialism, January–February 1960

Is 1960 a significant date in the history of metropolitan anti-imperialism? One possible answer is that it constitutes a moment of victory. What the British anti-imperialists had long demanded was now about to happen. From another perspective, however, this was a moment, if not of defeat, exactly, then at least of redundancy. The metropolitan anti-imperialists’ prime asset in influencing colonial policy had been their set of connections with nationalist leaders and movements. For years they had worked together, pushing at the locked door to the conference room. Now suddenly the door was open, and all the other parties — Macleod, Macmillan, the settlers and the African nationalists — had passed through into the room beyond, where they were seated around the table negotiating the future. Reduced to entertaining the delegates in the breaks between the conference sessions, the metropolitan anti-imperialists might wonder whether they were really needed any more.

Structural characterization and magnetization reversal of 0.1 /spl mu/m scale antidot-type arrays patterned by Ga/sup +/ irradiation

In this article, we present conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Lorentz TEM and micromagnetic simulation, the relation between the structural changes accompanying the irradiation process and the magnetisation reversal of magnetic films patterned with arrays of 0.1/spl mu/m scale square antidots. The arrays have been fabricated in Co thin film as well as NiFe thin film using a focused ion beam system.

Record review November‐December 1990

BERNARD CRICK Political Thoughts and Polemics (Edinburgh, £25) WILLIAM MILLER et al. How Voters Change: the 1987 British Election Campaign in Perspective (Clarendon Press, Oxford, £35) FRANK CONLEY General Elections Today (Manchester University Press, £5.95 pbk)

Record Review May‐July 1990

ARTHUR MARWICK British Society since 1945 (Penguin, £5.99 pbk) ANDREW ADONIS Parliament Today (MUP, £4.95 pbk)