Niels Christian Juul

Biometrics and Identity Management

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Comprehensive and Robust Garbage Collection in a Distributed System

The overall goal of the Emerald garbage collection scheme is to provide an efficient “on-the-fly” garbage collection in a distributed object-based system that collects all garbage. and that is robust to partial failures.

Mirage+: a kernel implementation of distributed shared memory on a network of personal computers

We describe the evolution of a distributed shared memory (DSM) system, Mirage, and the difficulties encountered when moving the system from a Unix‐based* kernel on the VAX to a Unix‐based kernel on personal computers. Mirage provides a network transparent form of shared memory for a loosely coupled environment. The system hides network boundaries for processes that are accessing shared memory and is upward compatible with the Unix System V Interface Definition.

A memory approach to consistent, reliable distributed shared memory

Fault-tolerant distributed shared memory systems do not always need to support a complete and consistent recovery after a failure. We describe a framework, within which different approaches to, and different degrees of consistency and recoverability can be understood. The addition of consistent failure recovery may be approached from two different viewpoints: either by an application-oriented view or a memory-oriented view. The major characteristics used in our framework are variations of availability, consistency, and application support. The paper explains the basic model, which is used in RELIABLE MIRAGE+, and describes how the framework can be used by other researchers to understand and classify solutions to the reliable DSM problem. The model distinguishes a recoverable system, which must be able to survive any single-site failure, from a reliable system which also ensures consistency after the recovery. Since consistency requirements may impose a high penalty on standard operational performance, various relaxed recoverability consistencies are described by the multi-level model. Recovery under this model may be accomplished by applications specifying consistency and availability requirements.

Challenging the paradigms on up-stream B2B e-commerce?

Based on a survey (n=392) of adoption of B2B e-commerce within the up-stream part of the Danish grocery sector value chain, this paper shows that technical-rational arguments and organizational readiness hold explanatory strength for adoption whereas the power and market perspective fails to explain adoption of e-commerce. Also, we found that factors that can explain e-commerce adoption fail to explain any pattern in the adoption data for the Web-EDI subset of e-commerce. Further on, the paper calls for a careful examination on how we design future studies. The paper suggests that rather than just replicating variables from previous generations of B2B e-commerce, focus should be directed towards a new set of variables for explaining the uptake of XML-based e-commerce.

Garbage collection in object oriented systems (workshop session)

This report is an attempt to capture what happened at the workshop. On the limited space it is not possible to present neither each accepted position paper, nor each individual presentation. Instead, we restrict ourselves to a short overview of the presentations, followed by our impression of the discussions. Information on the individual papers is also available by contacting the appropriate authors (the list of attendees is included in appendix A). Most of the position papers are available by anonymous ftp (see Contact Information at the end of the report) .

Recommendation on the Use of Biometric Technology

Biometric technology is based on the use of information linked to individuals. Hence, privacy and security in biometric applications becomes a concern and the need to assess such applications thoroughly becomes equally important. Guidelines for application of biometric technology must ensure a positive impact on both security and privacy. Based on two cases of biometric application, which have been assessed by the Danish Data Protecting Agency, this chapter present a set of recommendations to legislators, regulators, corporations and individuals on the appropriate use of biometric technologies put forward by the Danish Board of Technology. The recommendations are discussed and compared to the similar proposal put forward by the European Article 29 Data Protection Working Party.

Commercial e-commerce servers and enterprise application integration: a case-based comparison of Net.Commerce and Site Server Commerce

With the growing importance of e-commerce, commercially available e-commerce servers are increasingly gaining ground. We have tested some of these products, and report our experience with two of the most commonly implemented products, IBMs Net.Commerce (NC) and Microsofts Site Server Commerce (SSC) Edition. After a short description of the two systems, we introduce the case of the shoe wholesaler Rohde, for which prototypes of both systems have been implemented and investigated. The case is a business-to-business study; but the findings are also applicable to the business-to-consumer segment. The Rohde specific comparison investigates the implementation appropriateness and feasibility of both systems in the light of Rohdes business requirements. It focuses on the integration of the servers with the installed back-end system (ERP). We have found that this integration was way more complicated than the commercials lead us to believe at first. In general building enterprise applications by customization of packaged software systems reemphasizes the trade-off between ease of customization versus ability to express the actual business model in terms of these software systems. Our findings are summarized and directions for further research are given in the concluding section.

3rd Workshop on Mobility and Replication

The third ECOOP workshop on mobility and replication was focusing on object replication and consistency issues. The workshop tried to build bridges between the database community and the mobile computing community. Many researchers in both communities are working on object replication and consistency issues but the goals are often different. One side is mostly focusing on implementing transactions, recovery, and the ACID properties, whereas the other side is mostly focusing on implementing availability, caching, and user mobility.