Nihal Uslu Tutar

Chondromyxoid fibroma of the temporal bone: CT and MRI findings

Abstract. We present the case of a 44-year-old woman with chondromyxoid fibroma of temporal bone origin. Since this is the least common bone tumor of cartilaginous origin, it is highly unusual to find this tumor in the skull. In fact, the literature describes 18 cases of this form of neoplasia arising in the skull, only 4 of these having originated in the temporal bone. To date, the radiological features of these tumors, and especially features detected using the latest imaging modalities, have not been described in detail. This report is unique in that it is the first to present a case of chondromyxoid fibroma of the temporal bone accompanied by detailed CT and MRI findings.

Management of Early Hepatic Arterial Thrombosis After Pediatric Living-Donor Liver Transplantation

PURPOSE Early hepatic arterial thrombosis after living-donor liver transplantation is a cause of graft loss and patient mortality. We analyzed early hepatic arterial thrombosis after pediatric living-donor liver transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Since September 2001, we performed 122 living-donor liver transplants on 119 children. Ten hepatic arterial thromboses developed in the early postoperative period. The 7 male and 4 female patients of overall mean age of 6.3±6.1 years underwent 5 left lateral segment, 3 right lobe, and 2 left lobe transplantations. RESULTS Among 10 children with hepatic arterial thrombosis, 8 diagnoses were made before any elevation of liver function tests. One child displayed fever at the time of the hepatic arterial thrombosis. The median time for diagnosis was 5 days. Hepatic arterial thrombosis was treated with interventional radiologic techniques in 9 children, with 1 undergoing surgical exploration owing to failed radiologic approaches, and a reanastomosis using a polytetrafluoroethylene graft. Successful revascularization was achieved in all children, except 1. Four children died, the remaining 6 are alive with good graft function. During the mean follow-up of 52.7±18.8 months, multiple intrahepatic biliary stenoses were identified in 1 child. CONCLUSION Routine Doppler ultrasonography is effective for the early diagnosis of hepatic arterial thrombosis. Interventional radiologic approaches such as arterial thrombolysis and intraluminal stent placement should be the first therapeutic choices for patients with early hepatic arterial thrombosis; if radiologic methods fail, one must consider surgical exploration or retransplantation.

Biliary Complications After Pediatric Liver Transplantation

OBJECTIVES After liver transplantation, biliary complications are more prevalent in pediatric patients, with reported rates varying between 15% and 30%. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed biliary complications observed in 84 pediatric liver transplantation patients between July 2006 and September 2012. Biliary reconstruction was accomplished via a duct-to-duct anastomosis in 5 (83.3%) of the 6 patients receiving whole liver grafts and in 44 (56.4%) of the 78 patients who received a segmental live donor graft. For the remaining 34 patients with living donor and 1 patient with whole liver graft, Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was the preferred method. RESULTS Post-transplantation biliary complications were encountered in 26 patients (30.1%). The biliary complication rate was 38% in 49 duct-to-duct anastomosis, whereas it was 20% in the hepaticojejunostomy group consisting of 35 recipients. Thirteen of the 18 biliary leaks were from duct-to-duct anastomoses and the remaining 5 were from the hepaticojejunostomies and 6 of the 8 biliary strictures were observed in recipients with duct-to-duct anastomosis. In 19 of the 26 patients, the biliary complications were successfully treated with interventional radiologic procedures and 1 was treated with stent placement during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous interventional procedures are valuable, effective, and life-saving therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of bile leaks and strictures after pediatric liver transplantations.

Case report: Jejuno-jejunal invagination from metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Jejuno-jejunal invagination caused by metastatic renal cell carcinoma is a rare entity in the literature. We report a case of metastatic renal cell carcinoma that led to jejuno-jejunal invagination, which was diagnosed by multidedector CT examination.

Various Origins of the Duplicated Middle Cerebral Artery

We describe the features of a duplicated middle cerebral artery identified by computed tomographic angiography that originates from a previously undefined origin, ie, from the petrous portion of the internal carotid artery. Recognition of this anomaly is important in patients with a possible aneurysm, which was not present in our patient.

Effects of Orlistat Plus Diet on Postprandial Lipemia and Brachial Artery Reactivity in Normolipidemic, Obese Women with Normal Glucose Tolerance: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study

BACKGROUND Postprandial lipemia (PPL) is an independent predictor of earlyatherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. It is defined as a postprandial triglyceride (TG) level ≥80% higher than the fasting level. Brachial arterial reactivity (BAR) is used to identify early-phase atherosclerosis. Data concerning whether orlistat improves PPL and endothelial function are lacking. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the effects of orlistat on PPL and BAR in normolipidemic, obese women with normal glucose tolerance. METHODS This prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted at Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey. Normolipidemic, obese women aged 18 to 65 years with normal glucose tolerance were eligible for screening. On screening, demographic information, anthropomorphic parameters (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], hip circumference, waist-hip ratio), BAR, laboratory test results (level of insulin resistance assessed using the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] index, serum lipid profile, fasting plasma levels of glucose and insulin [FPI]), and oral fat-loading test results were recorded as baseline values. The primary end points were the effects of orlistat + diet on PPL (assessed using the AUC of TG) and BAR. Women found on screening to be PPL positive were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to treatment with orlistat 120 mg TID plus low-calorie diet (600-kcal/d deficit; minimum, 1200 kcal/d) or low-calorie diet only (control) for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, all of the above assessments were repeated, and AUC values for lipid parameters were calculated as secondary outcome measures. To assess tolerability and compliance, women were monitored by telephone each week and instructed to return every 4 weeks for clinic visits. RESULTS Twenty-seven women were identified as PPL positive and assigned to the orlistat + diet group (18 subjects) or the control group (9) (mean [SD] age, 45.9 [2.3] years; mean [SD] weight, 87.4 [2.5] kg; mean [SD] BMI, 36.0 [0.8] kg/m(2)). Treatment with orlistat + diet was associated with significantly greater changes from baseline compared with controls in WC (P= 0.003), fasting and postprandial serum TG levels (P = 0.012 and P < 0.001, respectively), FPI level (P = 0.001), and HOMA-IR index (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis found that 12 weeks of treatment with orlistat + diet was associated with a numeric, but statistically non-significant, 4.1-fold change in PPL, which was independent of reductions from baseline in weight and WC. Neither treatment was associated with significant changes from baseline in BAR. The prevalences of gastrointestinal symptoms previously found to be related to orlistat use were statistically similar between the orlistat + diet and control groups (9 [50.0%] vs 3 [33.3%] subjects). CONCLUSIONS The results of this small study in normolipidemic, obesewomen with normal glucose tolerance suggest that 12 weeks of treatment with orlistat 120 mg/d plus low-calorie diet was associated with a numeric, but statistically nonsignificant, 4.1-fold change from baseline in PPL, which was independent of reductions from baseline in weight and WC. Treatment with orlistat + diet was associated with significant effects on WC, TG, and level of insulin resistance, but not BAR.

Can platelet count/spleen diameter ratio be used for cirrhotic children to predict esophageal varices?

AIM To determine the laboratory and radiologic parameters, including the platelet count (PC)-to-spleen diameter (SD) ratio as a non-invasive marker that may predict the presence of esophageal varices (EV) in children with cirrhosis. METHODS Eighty-nine patients with cirrhosis, but without a history of variceal bleeding were prospectively included. The children were grouped into 6-12 and 12-18 years of age groups. These groups were also divided into 2 sub-groups (presence and absence of EV). All of the patients underwent a complete biochemical and radiologic evaluation. The PC (n/mm3)-to-SD (mm) ratio was calculated for each patient. RESULTS Sixty-nine of 98 (70.4%) patients had EV. The presence of ascites in all age groups was significantly associated with the presence of EV. There were no differences in serum albumin levels, PC, SD and the PC-to-SD ratio between the presence and absence of EV groups in both age groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Laboratory and radiologic parameters, including the PC-to-SD ratio as a non-invasive marker (except for the presence of ascites), was inappropriate for detecting EV in children with cirrhosis.