Nikita Lyamin

Vehicle-to-vehicle communication in C-ACC/platooning scenarios

Cooperative adaptive cruise control (C-ACC) and platooning are two emerging automotive intelligent transportation systems (ITS) applications. In this tutorial article we explain their principles, describe related ongoing standardization activities, and conduct performance evaluation of the underlying communication technology.

Exploiting bacterial properties for multi-hop nanonetworks

Molecular communication is a relatively new communication paradigm for nanomachines where the communication is realized by utilizing existing biological components found in nature. In recent years researchers have proposed using bacteria to realize molecular communication because the bacteria have the ability to swim and migrate between locations, carry DNA contents (i.e. plasmids) that could be utilized for information storage, and interact and transfer plasmids to other bacteria (one of these processes is known as bacterial conjugation). However, current proposals for bacterial nanonetworks have not considered the internal structures of the nanomachines that can facilitate the use of bacteria as an information carrier. This article presents the types and functionalities of nanomachines that can be utilized in bacterial nanonetworks. A particular focus is placed on the bacterial conjugation and its support for multihop communication between nanomachines. Simulations of the communication process have also been evaluated, to analyze the quantity of bits received as well as the delay performances. Wet lab experiments have also been conducted to validate the bacterial conjugation process. The article also discusses potential applications of bacterial nanonetworks for cancer monitoring and therapy.

Does ETSI beaconing frequency control provide cooperative awareness

Platooning is an emergent vehicular application aiming at increasing road safety, efficiency and driving comfort. The cooperation between the vehicles in a platoon is achieved by the frequent exchange of periodic broadcast Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAMs) also known as beacons. CAM triggering conditions are drafted in the standard ETSI EN 302 637-2 and are based on the dynamics of an originating vehicle. These conditions are checked repeatedly with a certain sampling rate. We have discovered that the improper choice of the sampling rate value may increase the number of collisions between CAMs at the IEEE 802.11p medium access control layer and, therefore, diminish the efficiency of beaconing in a platoon.

Dependable MAC Layer Architecture Based on Holographic Data Representation Using Hyper-Dimensional Binary Spatter Codes

In this article we propose the usage of binary spatter codes and distributed data representation for communicating loss and delay sensitive data in event-driven sensor and actuator networks. Using the proposed data representation technique along with the medium access control protocol the mission critical control information can be transmitted with assured constant delay in deployments exposing below 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio figures.

An Approach for Receiver-Side Awareness Control in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad hoc networks (VANET) are a key element of cooperative intelligent transport systems. One of the challenges in VANETs is dealing with awareness and congestion due to the high amount of messages received from the vehicles in communication range. As VANETs are used in critical applications, congestion on the receiver side caused by the buffering of the packets is a safety hazard. In this paper, we propose a streamwise queuing system on the receiver side and show how it improves the timeliness of the messages received and maintains the awareness of the system in a congestion situation.

Service discovery and access in vehicle-to-roadside multi-channel VANETs

A wide portfolio of safety and non-safety services will be provided to drivers and passengers on top of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). Non-safety services are announced by providers, e.g., road-side units (RSUs), on a channel that is different from the one where the services are delivered. The dependable and timely delivery of the advertisement messages is crucial for vehicles to promptly discover and access the announced services in challenging vehicle-to-roadside scenarios, characterized by intermittent and shortlived connectivity. In this paper, we present an analytical framework that models the service advertisement and access mechanisms in multichannel vehicular networks. The model accounts for dual-radio devices, and computes the mean service discovery time and the service channel utilization by considering the disruption periods due to the switching of the RSU from the advertising channel (where announcements are transmitted) to the advertised channel (where services are exchanged), under different channel and mobility conditions. It provides quick insights on parameter settings to allow providers to improve service provisioning.

Poster: On the performance of ETSI EN 302 637-2 CAM generation frequency management

ETSI EN 302 637-2 draft standard defines the triggering rules for Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAMs). It specifies how the frequency of CAM generation shall depend on the dynamics of an originating vehicle. We have discovered that for a group of vehicles in the proximity, which follow similar movement patterns, the performance of the CAM generation frequency management might deteriorate over time.

Vehicle classification using road side sensors and feature-free data smashing approach

The main contribution of this paper is a study of the applicability of data smashing - a recently proposed data mining method - for vehicle classification according to the “Nordic system for intelligent classification of vehicles” standard, using measurements of road surface vibrations and magnetic field disturbances caused by passing vehicles. The main advantage of the studied classification approach is that it, in contrast to the most of traditional machine learning algorithms, does not require the extraction of features from raw signals. The proposed classification approach was evaluated on a large dataset consisting of signals from 3074 vehicles. Hence, a good estimate of the actual classification rate was obtained. The performance was compared to the previously reported results on the same problem for logistic regression. Our results show the potential trade-off between classification accuracy and classification methods development efforts could be achieved.

Study of the platooning fuel efficiency under ETSI ITS-G5 communications

In this paper we evaluate the performance of platoon enabled by contemporary ITS-G5 vehicular communications through a number of simulation experiments. We assess platooning fuel consumption performance under two communication setups and estimate the potential influence of the communication system on the efficiency of the platooning. We also make an attempt to transform our results on platoon fuel efficiency into potential cost reduction gain. Our study shows that platooning fuel-efficiency may vary depending on the communication setup.

Modified Algorithm of Dynamic Frequency Hopping (DFH) in the IEEE 802.22 Standard

IEEE 802.22 Cognitive Wireless Regional Area Networks is a first standard of wireless terrestrial system relying on cognitive radio concept and operating as an opportunistic system in the the vacant unoccupied frequency spaces of the licensed TV-frequency band. Concept of the proposed standard assumes special functionality to protect the operation of the primary licensed subscribers. Dynamic Frequency Hopping is the mechanism for providing connectionless operation of Wireless Regional Area Networks systems while ensuring protection of transmissions from the primary users. During its operation regular time gaps appear on the involved frequency channels. This paper introduces the concept of the efficient reuse of the vacant frequency resources appearing when using the Dynamic Frequency Hopping mode. The scheme for consecutive-parallel inclusion of the new Dynamic Frequency Hopping Communities-members in the Dynamic Frequency Hopping mode is presented. The proposed approach allows significantly decrease time of inclusion the new members into a new Dynamic Frequency Hopping Communities.