Nikola Djuric

Serbian remote monitoring system for electromagnetic environmental pollution

The increasing number of electromagnetic emitters and need of covering wider territorial areas have caused the spatial density of radiated fields to constantly grow. It initiates alerting of the public opinion and of the governments about so-called electromagnetic pollution phenomena. As support for efforts of municipal and provincial agency for non-ionizing radiation protection, our team has suggested a remote monitoring system for automated and continuous supervision of electromagnetic fields. This system has been recognized by the national Ministry of Sciences and Technological Developments of the Republic of Serbia, which approved and supports its development within the program of technological development of the Republic of Serbia, for the period of 2011–2014.

The SEMONT continuous monitoring of daily EMF exposure in an open area environment.

Wireless networks traffic has experienced a considerable growth in recent years. Likewise, it is to be expected that billions of objects will be connected to the Internet in years to come, many of them wirelessly. Such increase in a number of wireless connections and the inevitability of wireless communications in proximity of users highlight the healthcare concern on electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure. Thus, the intelligent monitoring systems, such as the Serbian Electromagnetic Field Monitoring Network—SEMONT—have been required to be developed and utilized for continuous and real-time EMF monitoring, as well as for the assessment of the potential in situ daily exposure of population. This paper presents the results of the SEMONT initial campaign of continuous monitoring of the high-frequency electric field strength over the campus of the University of Novi Sad, as an open area environment. Several locations, most frequently visited by the student population in their everyday activities, have been monitored during the rush hour in order to determine the fluctuation of daily exposure on this, usually considered, highly sensitive area. The results of monitoring suggest that potential exposure is far below the allowable limit, regarding reference levels prescribed by the Serbian legislation for the general population.

Microwave resonant cavity as a reactor for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sucrose

We present here the design and analysis of a microwave resonant cavity to evaluate the effect of RF electromagnetic field on enzyme reactions. The cavity has been first designed using CST. Then, its behaviour in the actual use has been evaluated using the COMSOL multiphysics.

The concept of the SEMONT monitoring system and its influence on the EM pollution protection

The inevitable increase of artificial electromagnetic (EM) field sources in surroundings has initiated the development of some modern systems for EM pollution observation. This paper presents a concept of the Serbian electromagnetic field monitoring network - SEMONT, which has been designed as an information network for automated, remote and continuous broadband EM monitoring in the environment. The SEMONT network provides the real-time information on the existing levels of the in-situ EM field strength and performs assessment of daily limits of a global exposure of general population, regarding Serbian legislation and ICNIRP recommendations. Having in mind increased risk of possible unhealthy effects of long-term exposure, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia recognized the importance of the SEMONT system and has supported its development within the framework of the technological development of the Republic of Serbia.

Assessment of daily exposure in the broadband continuous monitoring system — SEMONT

The Serbian electromagnetic field monitoring network - SEMONT, has recently started taking initial broadband continuous measurements of electromagnetic (EM) field in surrounding environment. The SEMONT system is designed to perform daily observations of EM field sources present in the area covered by sensors network. The measurement results are collected and stored into a centralized database of EM field register and will be used to timely inform the public on real-time level of EM field and to determine the potential exposure of the general population, in accordance to the Serbian legislation and ICNIRP recommendations. An approach for the assessment of daily exposure limits, regarding the high-frequency electric field, is considered in this paper as a solution for the EM field broadband monitoring system - SEMONT.

The EM field register of the SEMONT Broadband monitoring network

The remote electromagnetic field monitoring systems rapidly develops in recent years. Thanks to the modern wireless sensor network technology such systems are able to perform monitoring over wide area and moreover to present the measurement results over public Internet network. Raising number of the electromagnetic field sources increases interest of the general population about potentially harmful effects of the long-term exposure to the electromagnetic radiation. Therefore, those monitoring systems become valuable tools in the area of the radiation protection. This paper considers the work in progress of development of the Serbian electromagnetic field monitoring network-SEMONT and its Internet portal as foundation for the so called electromagnetic field register. Information network SEMONT is a unique project at national level and develops within the program of technological development of the Republic of Serbia, for the period of 2011-2014 year.

A novel application of planar‐type meander sensors

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the measurement performances of a planar‐type meander sensor installed in robot foot in order to examine its potential application as ground reaction force sensor.Design/methodology/approach – A planar‐type meander sensor is composed of two pairs of meander coils. Variation of input inductance between coils serves as a measure of small displacements in a plane. Pairs of meander coils are installed in an actuated robot foot to measure displacements proportional to normal or tangential components of ground reaction force which acts upon the foot. The sensor was modeled by the concept of partial inductance and a new simulation tool was developed based on this concept.Findings – Pairs of meander coils were tested against angular displacements, and results showed that the sensor gives correct information about displacement regardless how the foot touches the ground with its whole area. Deviations between position of computed and real acting point of ground reactio...

The measurement procedure in the SEMONT monitoring system

The measurement procedure of the open area in situ electric field strength is presented, acquiring the real field data for testing of the Serbian electromagnetic field monitoring network (SEMONT) and its Internet portal. The SEMONT monitoring system introduces an advanced approach of wireless sensor network utilization for the continuous supervision of overall and cumulative level of electromagnetic field over the observed area. The aim of the SEMONT system is to become a useful tool for the national and municipal agencies for the environmental protection, regarding the electromagnetic pollution monitoring and the exposure assessment of the general population. Considering the public concern on the potentially harmful effects of the long-term exposure to electromagnetic radiation, as well as the public transparency principle that is incorporated into the Serbian law on non-ionizing radiation protection, the SEMONT monitoring system is designed for the long-term continuous monitoring, presenting real-time measurement results, and corresponding exposure assessment over the public Internet network.

Procedure for incorporation of NBM-550 measurement results into the SEMONT database

One of the consequences of the permanent increase of the electromagnetic (EM) field sources is the emergence of various systems for the remote monitoring of electromagnetic field. These systems are able to perform the continuous monitoring of the EM field in the environment utilizing the wireless sensor network technology. As a support to the authorities, to timely inform the general population on the potentially harmful effects of the long-term exposure to the EM radiation, the development of the Serbian electromagnetic field monitoring network - SEMONT has started. The SEMONT system performs a continuous EM field monitoring and presents the obtained results over its own Internet portal, playing an important role in the field of radiation protection. In order to obtain data on the high-frequency electric field strength over the area of the campus of the University of Novi Sad, the SEMONT system has recently started with initial measurements. This paper considers the SEMONT system database model supporting the measurement results incorporation, obtained by the NBM-550 handheld instruments.

Methods for the Soft-Decision Decoding of MTR Codes in Multiple-Head Magnetic Recording Systems

Two different methods for the soft-decision decoding of the maximum-transition-run (MTR) codes have been considered in this paper. The first one, the maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm, is based on the Bayesian algorithm, computing a posteriori log-likelihood ratios (LLR) using MTR codewords. The second one, the soft-decision implementation in Boolean logic circuits has been used to propagate the soft-values through the MTR decoder. The MTR code performs as an inner encoding code, in a simple concatenation of the low-density parity-check (LDPC) and the MTR. The special case of two-track two-head E2PR4 channel model was used, assuming the low level of inter-track interference (ITI) and the AWGN noise presence. The soft-decision decoding results with nearly 1.7dB coding gain, using the MAP algorithm, while nearly 1.9dB, using the second one approach.