Nilgün Kabay

Fourier transform infrared spectral evaluation for the differentiation of clinically relevant Trichophyton species.

Routine mold identification methods have been established to provide actual data to facilitate reliable diagnoses in clinical laboratories, as well as the management of infection and health practice planning, particularly for dermatophytes. Some species of the Trichophyton genera, particularly T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes complexes, exhibit more complexity in species recognition. In this study, the intriguing technique of Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is evaluated for species recognition of Trichophyton spp. A total of 32 reference isolates, belonging to T. mentagrophytes (n=7), T. rubrum (n=21) complexes and Arthroderma spp. (n=4), were included in the study. Numerous spectral window FTIR spectroscopy data were analyzed by principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering was performed. There were not any spectral ranges presenting clusters at the main Trichophyton species (e.g. T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes and Arthroderma spp.). Notably, only T. violaceum (including T. yaoundei and T. soudanense) was clustered in several ranges. In intra-species evaluation, T. erinacei, belonging to the T. mentagrophytes complex, was distinguishable by FT-IR spectroscopy with different spectral range calculations. We suggested that further research with several reference and clinical isolates of Trichophyton species will be crucial to accurately identify intra-species of T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes complexes.

Synthesis and characterisation of new porphyrazinato magnesium containing macrobicyclic moieties

Novel porphyrazinato magnesium (MgPz) containing symmetrically four diaza-tetrathia-macrobicycles on peripheral positions was synthesized by the cyclotetramerisation reaction of 5,8,16,23-tetrathia-1,12-diazabicyclo[9.7.7]pentacosane-6-en-6,7-dicarbodinitril (9), which was prepared by sequence reaction of N-tosyl-bis[3-bis(tosyloxypropyl)] amine (1) and disodium cis-1,2-dicyano-1,2-ethylenedithiolate (8). Elemental analysis, IR, NMR, MS and UV–vis data confirmed the ability of bulky cryptand moieties to induce steric isolation of Pz core in the solid state.

Comparative Investigation of Peripheral and Nonperipheral Zinc Phthalocyanine-Based Polycarbazoles in Terms of Optical, Electrical, and Sensing Properties

In this study, nonperipherally alkyl-linked carbazole conjugated novel zinc(II) phthalocyanine was synthesized by cyclotetramerization reaction of 6-(9 H-carbazol-9-yl)hexane-1-thiol and 3,6-bis(tosyloxy) phthalonitrile in a one-step reaction. Optical, electrical, and sensing properties of this super structured polycarbazole obtained by electropolymerization are compared with peripherally alkyl-linked polycarbazole-based zinc(II) phthalocyanine. It has been found that the attachment of alkyl-linked carbazoles to the phthalocyanine molecule in either peripheral or nonperipheral positions has a great effect on the optical and electrical properties and sensing ability of the resulting polycarbazole derivatives. P(n-ZnPc) has the highest electrochromic contrast (70.5%) among the derivatives of zinc(II) phthalocyanines in the literature. In addition to these, the sensor platform has been successfully established, and analytical optimizations have been carried out. When the sensors prepared with zinc(II) phthalocyanine are examined, it was specified that the n-ZnPc- co-TP/GOx was ranked first in the literature with high sensor response and stability. As a result, by changing of the peripheral and nonperipheral position of phthalocyanines, their physical properties can be tuned to meet the requirements of desired technological application.

Synthesis of metal-free and zinc phthalocyanines containing 2-pyridyl-methyl pendant arm linked with NS4-donor macrocyclic moiety and their selectivity towards Cu(II) cations

New phthalonitrile (L1), metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) and zinc-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) substituted in peripheral positions with 2-pyridyl methyl pendant arm linked mixed donor macrocyclic ligands have been prepared in a multi-step reaction sequence. The novel compounds were characterized by a combination of elemental anlaysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, UV-vis and MS spectral data. The influence of metal cations such as Cd2+, Zn2+, Hg2+, Al3+, Fe3+ and Cu2+ on the spectroscopic properties of dinitrile compound L1 and free phthalocyanine H2Pc was investigated by means of absorption spectrophotometry. Spectrophotometric titrations were carried out with these ligands for Cu2+ ion. The complex composition of Cu-L1 was found 1:1 by means of spectrophotometric titration data. The spectrophotometric method showed good sensitivity for Cu2+ with linear range of 2.6 × 10-6 to 1.3 × 10-4 M with dinitrile compound.

The first synthesis and characterization of new metal-free and metallophthalocyanine containing 33-membered crown ether moieties

The synthesis and characterization of novel metal-free and metallophthalocyanines, fused symmetrically in non-peripheral positions with four octaoxamacrocycle has been synthesized by cyclotetramerization of the 2,5,8,11,14,20,23,26,29,32-decaoxatricyclo [31.2.2.115,19]octatriconta-1(36),15,17,19(38),33(37),34-hexaene-34,35-dicarbonitrile (5) which was prepared by the reaction of 3,6-bis[2-(2-{2-[2-(toluene-4-sulphonyl)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-phthalonitrile (3) and 1,3-dihydroxybenzene (4). The novel compounds were characterized by using elemental analysis, 1H, 13C NMR, IR, UV-vis and MS spectral data.

Synthesis and Characterization of New Phthalocyaninato Cobalt Complexes Containing Crown Ether Linked 1,8-Disubstituted Anthraquinones

The synthesis of novel cobalt(II) phthalocyanine complexes, peripheral symmetrically derived from 5,28-dioxo-5,11,12,14,15,22,23,25,26,27-decahydro-10H-4,6-methanotribenzo [e,n,q][1,4,7,10,13,19] tetraoxadiazacyclohenicosine-18,19-dicarbodinitrile or 5,28-dioxo-11,12,14,15,22,23,25,26-octahydro-5H-4,6-methanotribenzo [h,q,f] [1,4,7,10,13,16]hexa-oxacyclohenicosine-18,19-dicarbodinitrile were performed. These compounds were prepared starting 4,5-dihydroxy-1,2-phthalonitrile and 1,8-bis{[2-[2-{[(4-methylphenyl) sulfonyl]oxy}ethoxy]ethyl]amino}-9,10-anthracenedione or 1,8-bis[2-(2-iodoethoxy)ethoxy]-9,10-anthracenedione. Cobalt phthalocyanine complexes were prepared from dinitrile compounds and anyhydro cobalt(II)chloride. The novel compounds were characterized by a elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-vis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS.

The Extraction Ability and Sensitivity of Porphyrazine Derivatives Towards Some Transition Metal Cations

The synthesis of novel metal-free and magnesium porphyrazines, peripherally substituted with dithia-dioxa (S2O2) and tetrathia (S4) 14-membered macrocycles were performed by cyclotetramerization of (6Z)-1,3,4,9,10,12-hexahydro-2,5,8,11-benzo-dioxadithiacyclotetradecine-6,7-dicarbodinitrile (3) or (6Z)-1,3,4,9,10,12-hexahydro 2,5,8,11-benzotetrathiacyclotetradecine-6,7-dicarbodinitrile (5). The metal-free porphyrazines have been obtained by known route. The structure of compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and 1H, 13C NMR, IR, UV-vis, and MS spectral data. The solvent extraction properties of the synthesized compounds towards some metal cations, such as Ag(I), Hg(II), Cu(II), Mn(II), Cr(III), Ni(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) have been investigated. The effect of Cu2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Sr2+, Al3+, Zn2+, Ba2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Hg2+, and Ag+ ions on the absorption spectra of the compounds were investigated by means of spectrophotometric method. Magnesium porphyrazine with S2O2 (6) interacted within Hg2+ ion specifically of all the tested metal ions.

A Macrobicyclic Substituted Phthalocyanine

Among the derivatives of cyclic tetraamines 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam) has been extensively studied, either as an unsubstituted ligand or as an substituted derivative.1–3 In aqueous solution, cyclam (1) and its derivatives can be protonated and coordinate easily with transition metal ions. The protonated cyclam has also been used to assemble two different metal complexes for energy transfer purposes.4 The metal complexes of these compounds have been used as MRI contrast agents, luminescent probes, DNA cleavers, and imaging applications.5–7 Cryptands are bicyclic ligand systems of three-dimentional8 structure able to encapsulate a metal ion. Owing to their architectural and functional plasticity, macrobicyclic compounds are especially attractive for design of biomimetic and abiotic receptors for inorganic and organic substrates.9,10 Phthalocyanines have also attracted great interest due to possible applications such as dyes, paints, color for metal surfaces, in laser printers, photocopiers and data storage systems.11,12 In addition to the well-known properties mentioned above, phthalocyanines and their complexes are use-ful in photovoltaic devices, as catalysts and in gas sensors and as photodynamic therapy agents.13,14 The present article reports the synthesis of a new metal-free phthalocyanine bearing four macrobicyclic units attached trans-N,N′-disubstituted cyclam. It was expected that the combination of the two donor groups would enhance the complexation capacity of peripherally substituted compound compared to the peri-pherally unsubstituted analogue15–17 because it can encapsulate the metal cation into the macrocyclic cavity.18,19 Condensation of 1,8-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (1) with 1,2-bis(2-tosyloxyethylmercapto)-4,5-dicyanobenzene (2) in the presence Na2CO3 in dry acetonitrile afforded 3 as the major product (36% yield, Scheme 1). It was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and IR spectroscopy. Its IR spectrum showed an intense stretching vibration at 2228 cm−1 which was attributed to the dicyano groups.20 The absence of N H bands indicates that macrobicyclization had occurred. The chemical shifts of the

The synthesis and characterization of novel (E,E)-dioxime and its nickel (II) complexes containing compartmental and twofold macrocyclic moieties

A new (E,E)-dioxime, S,S′-bis(2-acetophenone)dithioglyoxime, has been synthesized by the reaction of dichloroglyoxime with 2-thioacetophenone. Only mononuclear Ni (II) complex with a metal:ligand ratio (1:2) was prepared and then Ni(II) complex bridged BF2+ was obtained with hydrogen-bridged Ni(II) complex and boron trifluoride etherate. The reaction of BF2+-capped Ni(II) complex with 4′,5′-diaminobenzo [15-crown-5] gave a twofold complex. The structure of ligand and Ni(II) complexes are proposed according to elemental analyses, 1H, 13C NMR, IR and mass spectral data and semi-empirical quantum chemical calculations.Graphical AbstractSynthesis and characterization of novel (E,E)-dioxime and its Ni(II) complex as well as the BF2-bridged complex were prepared. Then the nickel(II) complex containing compartmental and twofold macrocyclic moieties has been synthesized by the macrocyclization reaction of 4′,5′-diaminobenzo[15-crown-5] with BF2+-capped nickel(II) complex.