Nilza de Oliveira Martins Pereira

Classificação dos domicílios "indígenas" no Censo Demográfico 2000: subsídios para a análise de condições de saúde

Census data can say a lot about the living conditions of a population and are widely used in the formulation and implementation of public social policies. The higher the quality of census data, the more reliable will be the picture of the reality of the population. Based on microdata from the 2000 Demographic Census, this study describes the frequency of households whose heads self-classified as indigenous and which were classified as collective or improvised by the enumerators in rural municipalities. For households in these categories, additional data are not collected to characterize the households with respect to such aspects as socioeconomic profile and sanitation. In the analysis of color and race categories, indigenous people were those with the highest frequency of households classified as collective (4.4%) compared to non-indigenous people (0.1%). Classification as a collective was more frequent in the Central-West macro-region, specifically in the state of Mato Grosso (over 40% of households classified as collective nationally occurred in only five municipalities of MT). The number of indigenous households classified as improvised (3.5%) was also higher than for non-Indigenous households (1.3%). Unlike collective households, improvised households occurred in different regions of Brazil, especially in municipalities in the South macro-region (6.6% ) and in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (17.9%). There were 1.5 times more households classified as improvised in municipalities located inside than outside the Legal Amazon. In this region, it was found that the more developed the municipality, the greater the median proportions of indigenous improvised households and the smaller the area of indigenous lands. It was concluded that there is need for a specific census, with proper training of enumerators, to take into consideration the differences and particularities of each indigenous community. It is believed that merely considering the ethnic diversity of Brazil will reduce inequalities and, therefore, the demographic and epidemiological invisibility that stubbornly accompanies indigenous people.

Como tratar os dados da amostra do Censo Demográfico 2000 na obtenção de estimativas para os "indígenas"? Um estudo a partir das Terras Indígenas Xavante, Mato Grosso

The demography of the Brazilian native peoples is still uncharted territory in its numerous and diversified aspects. There has been growing interest in the topic in recent years, with the publication of a number of studies on the demography of native peoples, on the basis of census data. One major methodological difficulty is the problem of expanding the census samples, since the lands of the native peoples were not originally defined as weighted areas. This article presents estimates for the variables on the questionnaire for the “sample,” considering one set of census sectors belonging to the lands of native peoples, using as a case study the lands of the Xavante Indians, consisting of six non-contiguous areas located in the eastern part of the Brazilian State of Mato Grosso. This methodological exercise is designed to compare and evaluate the estimates produced according to the weights generated at the time of disclosure of the Census 2000 results and the new weights calculated on the basis of the methodology presented here. From the methodological point of view, this procedure is innovative as it might be useful for estimating, on the basis of the data from the sample on the 2000 Census, characteristics of areas that are non-contiguous and different from those defined for expanding the sample as originally conceived and published by the Brazilian Census Office.

Classification of "indigenous" households in the 2000 Demographic Census: elements for the analysis of health status

Census data can say a lot about the living conditions of a population and are widely used in the formulation and implementation of public social policies. The higher the quality of census data, the more reliable will be the picture of the reality of the population. Based on microdata from the 2000 Demographic Census, this study describes the frequency of households whose heads self-classified as indigenous and which were classified as collective or improvised by the enumerators in rural municipalities. For households in these categories, additional data are not collected to characterize the households with respect to such aspects as socioeconomic profile and sanitation. In the analysis of color and race categories, indigenous people were those with the highest frequency of households classified as collective (4.4%) compared to non-indigenous people (0.1%). Classification as a collective was more frequent in the Central-West macro-region, specifically in the state of Mato Grosso (over 40% of households classified as collective nationally occurred in only five municipalities of MT). The number of indigenous households classified as improvised (3.5%) was also higher than for non-Indigenous households (1.3%). Unlike collective households, improvised households occurred in different regions of Brazil, especially in municipalities in the South macro-region (6.6% ) and in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (17.9%). There were 1.5 times more households classified as improvised in municipalities located inside than outside the Legal Amazon. In this region, it was found that the more developed the municipality, the greater the median proportions of indigenous improvised households and the smaller the area of indigenous lands. It was concluded that there is need for a specific census, with proper training of enumerators, to take into consideration the differences and particularities of each indigenous community. It is believed that merely considering the ethnic diversity of Brazil will reduce inequalities and, therefore, the demographic and epidemiological invisibility that stubbornly accompanies indigenous people.

Clasificación de los domicilios "indígenas" en el Censo Demográfico 2000: subsidios para el análisis de condiciones de salud

Census data can say a lot about the living conditions of a population and are widely used in the formulation and implementation of public social policies. The higher the quality of census data, the more reliable will be the picture of the reality of the population. Based on microdata from the 2000 Demographic Census, this study describes the frequency of households whose heads self-classified as indigenous and which were classified as collective or improvised by the enumerators in rural municipalities. For households in these categories, additional data are not collected to characterize the households with respect to such aspects as socioeconomic profile and sanitation. In the analysis of color and race categories, indigenous people were those with the highest frequency of households classified as collective (4.4%) compared to non-indigenous people (0.1%). Classification as a collective was more frequent in the Central-West macro-region, specifically in the state of Mato Grosso (over 40% of households classified as collective nationally occurred in only five municipalities of MT). The number of indigenous households classified as improvised (3.5%) was also higher than for non-Indigenous households (1.3%). Unlike collective households, improvised households occurred in different regions of Brazil, especially in municipalities in the South macro-region (6.6% ) and in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (17.9%). There were 1.5 times more households classified as improvised in municipalities located inside than outside the Legal Amazon. In this region, it was found that the more developed the municipality, the greater the median proportions of indigenous improvised households and the smaller the area of indigenous lands. It was concluded that there is need for a specific census, with proper training of enumerators, to take into consideration the differences and particularities of each indigenous community. It is believed that merely considering the ethnic diversity of Brazil will reduce inequalities and, therefore, the demographic and epidemiological invisibility that stubbornly accompanies indigenous people.

How to treat data from the sample of the 2000 Demographic Census to obtain estimates for native peoples in Brazil? A study based on the Lands of the Xavante Indians in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil

The demography of the Brazilian native peoples is still uncharted territory in its numerous and diversified aspects. There has been growing interest in the topic in recent years, with the publication of a number of studies on the demography of native peoples, on the basis of census data. One major methodological difficulty is the problem of expanding the census samples, since the lands of the native peoples were not originally defined as weighted areas. This article presents estimates for the variables on the questionnaire for the “sample,” considering one set of census sectors belonging to the lands of native peoples, using as a case study the lands of the Xavante Indians, consisting of six non-contiguous areas located in the eastern part of the Brazilian State of Mato Grosso. This methodological exercise is designed to compare and evaluate the estimates produced according to the weights generated at the time of disclosure of the Census 2000 results and the new weights calculated on the basis of the methodology presented here. From the methodological point of view, this procedure is innovative as it might be useful for estimating, on the basis of the data from the sample on the 2000 Census, characteristics of areas that are non-contiguous and different from those defined for expanding the sample as originally conceived and published by the Brazilian Census Office.

¿Cómo tratar los datos de la muestra del Censo Demográfico 2000 en la obtención de estimativas para los "indígenas"? Un estudio a partir de las Tierras Indígenas Xavante, Mato Grosso

The demography of the Brazilian native peoples is still uncharted territory in its numerous and diversified aspects. There has been growing interest in the topic in recent years, with the publication of a number of studies on the demography of native peoples, on the basis of census data. One major methodological difficulty is the problem of expanding the census samples, since the lands of the native peoples were not originally defined as weighted areas. This article presents estimates for the variables on the questionnaire for the “sample,” considering one set of census sectors belonging to the lands of native peoples, using as a case study the lands of the Xavante Indians, consisting of six non-contiguous areas located in the eastern part of the Brazilian State of Mato Grosso. This methodological exercise is designed to compare and evaluate the estimates produced according to the weights generated at the time of disclosure of the Census 2000 results and the new weights calculated on the basis of the methodology presented here. From the methodological point of view, this procedure is innovative as it might be useful for estimating, on the basis of the data from the sample on the 2000 Census, characteristics of areas that are non-contiguous and different from those defined for expanding the sample as originally conceived and published by the Brazilian Census Office.