Nirlene J. Vilela

Market power in agribusiness: the case of vegetable crops

Este trabalho procura abordar alguns desafios da competitividade na atual conjuntura do agronegocio. O agronegocio refere-se a um sistema empresarial, que congrega amplos processos de estrategias, com vistas a maximizacao de lucro. Nos ultimos anos tem-se registrado um amplo movimento de reestruturacao do agronegocio mundial, impulsionado principalmente pelos avancos tecnologicos nas diferentes areas do conhecimento O poder de persuasao social das comunicacoes, ao afetar o comportamento dos consumidores, induz, como consequencia, mudancas de habitos, gerando preferencias para maior consumo de determinados produtos. As campanhas evidenciando os riscos de saude causados por determinado produto, tem o poder de afetar economicamente toda a cadeia produtiva. Por outro lado, as divulgacoes de pesquisas universitarias sobre o valor nutricional das hortalicas na longevidade da vida humana e a capacidade que certas hortalicas tem de evitar doencas incuraveis, destacam esses alimentos como um dos mais importantes grupos de produtos saudaveis, desfechando, assim, uma promocao muito favoravel para as hortalicas, extensivo ao conjunto da sua cadeia produtiva. As tendencias dos mercados globalizados apontam perspectivas favoraveis para as hortalicas exigindo que a uniformidade desses produtos seja cada vez mais obrigatoria. Para atender os interesses dos consumidores (agentes ativos dos sistema) por novidades na area alimentar, o mercado de hortalicas vem se segmentando em diversos ramos, com destaque para as nao tradicionais, minimamente processadas, supergeladas, congeladas, conservadas e orgânicas. Procurando agregar valor aos produtos, via otima qualidade, diferenciacao e utilizacao de embalagens atrativas, as atividades com hortalicas tornam-se, desta forma, cada vez, mais dinâmicas e lucrativas.

O peso da perda de alimentos para a sociedade: o caso das hortaliças

presentando sucessivos recordes desafras, o setor agricola brasileirodestaca-se como uma das mais impor-tantes âncoras da economia. Emcontrapartida, o Brasil tem sido consa-grado como um campeao em perdas pos-colheita e desperdicios.No atual contexto socio-politico, areducao de perdas e desperdicios e con-templada no programa

Desafios e perspectivas para a cadeia brasileira do tomate para processamento industrial

Some challenges for the Brazilian chain of processing tomatoes The purpose of this work is to provide information about technological problems that constitute challenges to the maximization of technical and the economic efficiency of the Brazilian chain of tomato processing. In the 90’s the Brazilian chain of the processing tomato showed expressive performance. However, there are several factors involved in the tomato production systems that still impair the optimization of the processing tomato production. Among those factors we detected not well adapted tomato cvs. to mechanical harvest besides being susceptible to diseases and insects, depreciating the fruits quality for processing causing decline indexes in the relationship matter/ processed products. In addition, the presence of fungus was observed in the concentrated pulp, tomato extracts and in other tomato derived products. These problems could be solved through better cultural practices, including better irrigation techniques (conventional system with central pivot and drip irrigation), fertilizer levels, culture rotation, more adequate systems in the preparation of transplant and mechanized harvest, better weeds control and integrated pest and disease management. Palavras-chave: Lycopersicon esculentum, cultivar, growing practices, nutraceutics, processing products.

Eficiência técnica e econômica do controle biológico da traça-do-tomateiro em ambiente protegido

Technical and economic efficiency of biological control of the South American tomato pinworm in protected environment The economic and technical efficiency of controlling the South American tomato pinworm (Tuta absoluta) by the parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum was evaluated in protected environment, in Luziania, Goias State, Brazil, during the summer of 1999-2000. The research was conducted in two greenhouses, each one submitted to the following pest control regimes: (1) habitual farmer practices: pesticides sprayed based on presence/absence of the pest and rotation of products (deltamethrin; abamectin; Bacillus thuringiensis (at the recommended dose); and soap at 0,5% concentration). (2) inundative release of T. pretiosum associated with weekly sprays of Bacillus thuringiensis as an emulsifiable concentrate formulation (at the recommended dose). Insecticide sprays and parasitoid mass release were initiated just after the first adults were observed. Mass release consisted of weekly display of two cards (20x30 cm) of parasitized eggs by T. pretiosum that were gradually increased until the reached six cards each week, by the time of tomato harvest. Once a week, 50 leaflets were collected in each greenhouse. The number of eggs was determined in the laboratory and kept inside chambers to determine the number of larvae or the percentage of parasitism. Tomato production and damage to the fruits were determined weekly from 50 tomato plants randomly chosen in each treatment. The productivity of the treatment using biological control was 6,160 polystyrene trays/600g and 6,833 trays/600g when chemical control was used. The variable costs of production were R

Desafios e oportunidades para o agronegócio da cebola no Brasil

3,9 thousands and R

Estudo preliminar do controle biológico da traça-do-tomateiro com o parasitóide Trichogramma pretiosum em ambientes protegidos

4,7 thousands for the biological control and chemical control, respectively. The loss limit in each cropping season for both production systems, estimated by the technical-economic efficiency, was higher for the biological control (61,7%). The coefficient of economic efficiency was significant (2.62) and the internal rate of return (24.9%) confirmed that the system of production that used the biological control by T. pretiosum was economically efficient.

Avaliação técnica e econômica do espaçamento de gotejadores em tomateiro para processamento cultivado em fileiras simples e duplas

The challenges and the oportunities for the onion agribusiness The main objective of this work was to describe some socieconomic aspects of the onion production in Brazil and to detect the principal challenges and opportunities for the onion agribusiness. The onion cultivation in Brazil is a family activity (88%), generating about 250 thousand jobs directly involved in the production. The onion consumption in Brazil is nearly 85 thousand t per month. With the consolidation of the MERCOSUL, the onion import from Argentina and the national production has caused excess of supply in some months, generating losses and consequent damages for the producers. The Brazilian productive sector needs to improve the technological level of the onion production to reach greater technical and economic efficiency. However, it is necessary that Brazilian and Argentinian producers look for a better production forecast to avoid excess of supply during some periods of the year.

Desempenho da cadeia agroindustrial brasileira do tomate na década de 90

A preliminar survey on the biological control of South American tomato pinworm with the parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum in greenhouse models

Economical efficiency of sound irrigation scheduling technique for processing tomatoes

Technical and economic evaluation of drip spacing for processing tomatoes under single- and double-row planting systems Processing tomatoes crop response to drip spacing (10 cm and 30 cm) and planting systems (single- and double-row planting, and a lone drip line) was evaluated in Brasilia, DF, Brazil. A control treatment with single-row planting system was sprinkle irrigated. Marketable yield for 10-cm drip spacing was 10% higher than for 30 cm. Yield from drip single-row treatments was 9% higher than from double-row ones. Yield from sprinkle irrigated plots did not differ from the 30-cm drip spacing and double-row treatment, but was at least 15% lower than from other treatments. Rotten fruit rates were not affected by drip spacing factor, but were higher in doublerow treatments. In the control treatment, rotten fruit occurrence was at least 68% higher than in the drip treatments. Greater economic efficiency was obtained for the 10-cm drip spacing and single row system treatment (12.7%), followed by drip spacing of 10 cm and double-row planting (7.5%). The revenue rates for those treatments were 1.42 and 1.39, respectively.

Technology roadmapping, uma alternativa no delineamento da pesquisa agropecuária e sua aplicação na cadeia de cenoura

The performance of the Brazilian tomato agroindustrial chain in the 90s was analysed. This was done taking into account the great socio-economic importance of this chain, principally its capacity to generate employment and create income in all sectors of the economy. The industrial processing of tomatoes alone generated