Nis Nørgaard

Perioperative Doppler Ultrasonography: Renal Detection of Renal Graft Perfusion

Irreversible damage of renal transplants may be prevented if insufficient graft perfusion can be detected perioperatively. Colour and spectral Doppler ultrasonography were performed in 30 consecutive renal transplants. The perfusion of the graft and the Resistive Index (RI) were evaluated perioperatively (perioperatively and less than 15 min postoperatively) and 24 h after the operation in all patients. In four cases (13.3%) RI > 0.9 was detected and immediate surgical correction of the cause led to a normalization (RI < 0.8) in all four cases. A RI < 0.9 required no intervention in 26 cases (86.7%). All renal grafts in this series were functioning 1 month postoperatively. In a comparative group, 30 consecutive transplants carried out at our institution without perioperative Doppler ultrasonography evaluation, a loss of four renal grafts perioperatively was recorded retrospectively. We conclude that perioperative ultrasonography Doppler evaluation may provide an easy applicable and reliable method for early detection of insufficient renal graft perfusion, allowing surgical correction before irreversible damage of the graft occurs. RI > 0.9 is pathological. A continuation of the study is required to clarify the long-term value of perioperative Doppler ultrasonography graft monitoring.

Adjustable continence balloons: Clinical results of a new minimally invasive treatment for male urinary incontinence

Abstract Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the results of the Danish experience with the ProACT urinary continence device inserted in men with stress urinary incontinence. Material and methods. The ProACT was inserted in 114 patients. Data were registered prospectively. The main endpoints were complications, pad use per day and 24 h urinary leakage. A questionnaire evaluating symptoms and satisfaction was sent to the patients. Results. Data including preoperative and postoperative pad use and urinary leakage were available for 92 and 90 patients, respectively. A decrease in the median 24 h urinary leakage (352.5 vs 11 ml, p < 0.001) and in the median number of pads used per day (4.75 vs 2.25, p = 0.001) was demonstrated. Forty-six patients had a pad use of 0–1 pads per day and/or a daily urinary leakage less than 8 g, corresponding to an overall dry rate of 50%. A decrease in urinary leakage > 50% was seen in 72 patients (80%). Complications were seen in 23 patients. All of these were treated successfully by removal of the device in the outpatient setting followed by replacement of the device. Another eight patients had a third balloon inserted to improve continence further. Fourteen patients (12%) ended up with an artificial sphincter or a urethral sling. Sixty patients (63%) experienced no discomfort and 58 (61%) reported being dry or markedly improved. Overall, 50 patients (53%) reported being very or predominantly satisfied. Conclusions. Adjustable continence balloons seem to be a good alternative in the treatment of male urinary incontinence. Complications are mild and easily treated.

Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy—a new strategy

BACKGROUND Fluoroquinolones are extensively used as prophylaxis for transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate (TRUBP). Emerging fluoroquinolone resistance and selection of multiresistant organisms warrant new prophylactic strategies. Pivmecillinam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid have mutual synergistic activity and the combination of these agents has a broad coverage of the majority of microorganisms causing infectious complications after TRUBP and may be a valuable future prophylactic regimen. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of 2624 men that underwent TRUBP at a Danish university hospital. The patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 (n = 1220) received ciprofloxacin before TRUBP, Group 2 (n = 240) received a combination of pivmecillinam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid before TRUBP and Group 3 (n = 1161) received an extended prophylaxis with pivmecillinam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid before and for 2 days after TRUBP. RESULTS One hundred and ten out of 148 (74.3%) post-TRUBP infections were caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae or Enterococcus faecalis. Group 3 with the extended prophylaxis with pivmecillinam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid had a significantly lower rate of bacteraemia (0.9%) as compared with Group 1 (1.8%) and Group 2 (3.7%). A significant fall in the proportion of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae was observed from the period when ciprofloxacin was used as prophylaxis (8.1%) compared with the subsequent period when pivmecillinam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was used (5.9%). CONCLUSIONS The combination of pivmecillinam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid is an attractive prophylaxis for TRUBP from a clinical, bacteriological and ecological point of view as compared with ciprofloxacin.

Assessment of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Biparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Prostate Cancer in Biopsy-Naive Men: The Biparametric MRI for Detection of Prostate Cancer (BIDOC) Study

Key Points Question What are the diagnostic accuracy and negative predictive value of novel biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in biopsy-naive men in detecting and ruling out significant prostate cancer? Findings In this cohort study of 1020 men who underwent both biparametric targeted and standard transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies, low-suspicion biparametric MRI had a high negative predictive value (97%) in ruling out significant prostate cancer on confirmatory biopsies. Meaning The biparametric MRI used as a triage test in this study was associated with improved prostate cancer risk stratification and may be used to exclude aggressive disease and avoid unnecessary biopsies in 30% of men with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer, although further studies are needed to fully explore this new diagnostic approach.

Inoculation of Sphingobacterium multivorum in the prostate by prostate biopsy

Abstract This report describes three cases of infection with Sphingobacterium multivorum after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. The pathogen is ubiquitous in water and soil but has been described fewer than 10 times causing infections in humans. An infection hygiene evaluation identified and changed a step in the biopsy process in order to reduce the risk of inoculating the patient with environmental microorganisms.

Clinical Outcome Following Low Suspicion Multiparametric Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging or Benign Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guided Biopsy to Detect Prostate Cancer: A Followup Study in Men with Prior Negative Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Biopsies

Purpose: We assessed the risk of significant prostate cancer being detected after low suspicion magnetic resonance imaging or suspicious magnetic resonance imaging with benign magnetic resonance imaging guided biopsies in men with prior negative systematic biopsies. Materials and Methods: Overall 289 prospectively enrolled men underwent magnetic resonance imaging followed by repeat systematic and targeted biopsies of any suspicious lesions at baseline. A total of 194 patients with low suspicion magnetic resonance imaging or benign target biopsies were suitable for this study. Those who were negative for prostate cancer at baseline were followed for at least 3 years. We calculated the negative predictive values of magnetic resonance imaging in ruling out any prostate cancer and significant prostate cancer, defined as any core with Gleason score greater than 6, or more than 2 positive cores/cancerous core 50% or greater. Results: Prostate cancer was detected in 38 of 194 (20%) patients during the median study period of 47 months (IQR 43–52). The overall negative predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging in ruling out any and significant prostate cancer was 80% (156 of 194) and 95% (184 of 194), respectively. No patient with low suspicion magnetic resonance imaging had intermediate/high grade cancer (Gleason score greater than 6). The majority of patients with no cancer during followup (132 of 156, 85%) had a decreasing prostate specific antigen and could be monitored in primary care. Conclusions: Low suspicion magnetic resonance imaging in men with prior negative systematic biopsies has a high negative predictive value in ruling out longer term, significant cancer. Therefore, immediate repeat biopsies are of limited clinical value and could be avoided even if prostate specific antigen is persistently increased.Abstract To assess the future risk of detecting significant prostate cancer following either a low-suspicion MRI or suspicious MRI with benign MRI-guided biopsies in men with prior negative systematic biopsies. 289 prospectively enrolled men underwent MRI followed by repeated systematic and targeted biopsies of any suspicious lesions at baseline. In total, 194 patients with either a low-suspicion MRI or benign target biopsies were suitable for this study. Those who were negative for prostate cancer at baseline were followed up for at least three years. We calculated the negative predictive values of MRI in ruling out any prostate cancer and significant prostate cancer defined as: a) any core with Gleason score (GS) > 6 or b) > 2 positive cores/cancerous core ≥ 50%. Prostate cancer was detected in 38/194 (20%) patients during the median study period of 47 months (interquartile range 43-52). The overall negative predictive value of MRI in ruling out any and significant prostate cancer was 80% (156/194) and 95% (184/194), respectively. No patient with a low-suspicion MRI had intermediate/high grade cancer (Gleason score > 6). The majority of patients with no cancer during follow-up [132/156 (85%)] had decreasing levels of prostate-specific-antigen and could be monitored in primary care. A low-suspicion MRI in men with prior negative systematic biopsies has a high negative predictive value in ruling out longer term significant cancer. Therefore, immediate repeated biopsies are of limited clinical value and could be avoided even if prostate-specific-antigen levels are persistently elevated.

Multiparametric MRI in men with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer undergoing repeat biopsy: a prospective comparison with clinical findings and histopathology

Background Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) can improve detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Purpose To compare mpMRI score subgroups to systematic transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies (TRUSbx) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based findings for detection of csPCa in men undergoing repeat biopsies. Material and Methods MpMRI was performed prior to re-biopsy in 289 prospectively enrolled patients. All underwent repeat TRUSbx followed by targeted biopsies (MRITB) of any mpMRI-identified lesion. MpMRI suspicion grade, PSA level, and density (PSAd) were compared with biopsy results and further matched to the radical prostatectomy (RP) specimen if available. Results PCa was detected in 128/289 (44%) patients with median age, PSA, and prior negative TRUSbx of 64 (interquartile range [IQR] = 59–67), 12.0 ng/mL (IQR = 8.3–19.1), and 2 (IQR = 1–3), respectively. TRUSbx detected PCa in 108/289 (37%) patients, of which 49 (45%) had insignificant cancer. MRITB was performed in 271/289 (94%) patients and detected PCa in 96 (35%) with 78 (81%) having csPCa. MpMRI scores showed a high association between suspicion level and biopsy results on both lesion and patient level (P < 0.001). MpMRI was better than PSA and PSAd (P < 0.001) to identify patients with missed csPCa. In total, 64/128 (50%) patients underwent RP; 60/64 had csPCa. MpMRI was significantly better in predicting csPCa on RP compared with TRUSbx (P = 0.019) as MRITB and TRUSbx correctly identified 47/60 (78%) and 35/60 (58%) patients, respectively. Conclusion MpMRI improves detection of missed csPCa and suspicion scores correlate well with biopsy and RP results on both patient and lesion level.

PD43-03 RISK OF PROSTATE CANCER DIAGNOSIS FOLLOWING A LOW-SUSPICIOUS PROSTATE MRI OR BENIGN MRI-TARGETED BIOPSIES: A 3-YEAR FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF MEN WITH PRIOR NEGATIVE TRANSRECTAL ULTRASOUND GUIDED BIOPSIES

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the detection rates of targeted and systematic biopsies in magnetic resonance (MRI) and transrectal ultrasound (US) image-fusion transperineal prostate biopsy for patients with previous benign transrectal US guided biopsies in two high-volume centres. METHODS: Two centre, prospective outcome study of 487 patients with previous benign biopsies that underwent transperineal MRI/US fusion-guided target and systematic saturation biopsy from 2012 to 2015. MRI was reported according to PIRADS Version 1. Detection of Gleason score (GS) 7-10 cancer (PCa) on biopsy was the primary outcome. Positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values including 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Detection rates of targeted and systematic biopsies were compared using McNemar test. AUCs were calculated for PIRADS, PSA-Density and the combination of the both. RESULTS: Median PSA was 9.0 (IQR 6.7-13.4) ng/ml. PIRADS 3-5 MRI lesions were reported in 343 (70%) patients. GS 7-10 PCa was detected in 149 (31%). PPV for detecting GS 7-10 PCa was 0.20 (+/-0.07) for PIRADS 3, 0.32 (+/-0.09) for PIRADS 4, and 0.70 (+/-0.08) for PIRADS 5. NPV of PIRADS 1-2 was 0.92 (+/-0.04) for GS 7-10 and 0.99 (+/-0.02) for GS 4+3 or higher cancer. Systematic biopsies alone found 125/138 (91%) GS 7-10 cancers. In patients with suspicious lesions (PIRADS 4-5) on MRI, systematic biopsies would not have detected 12/113 significant PCa (11%), while targeted biopsies alone would have failed to diagnose 10/113 (9%). In equivocal lesions (PIRADS 3), targeted biopsy alone would not have diagnosed 14/25 (56%) of GS 7-10, whereas systematic biopsies alone would have missed 1/25 (4%). Combination with PSA-density improved the AUC of PIRADS from 0.822 to 0.846. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with high probability MRI lesions, combined targeted and systematic MRI/TRUS image-fusion biopsy is still required, however, systematic biopsy alone may be sufficient in patients with equivocal lesions. Repeated prostate biopsies may not be needed at all for patients with a low PSA-density and a negative MRI read by experienced radiologists.