Nísia Trindade Lima

Pouca saúde, muita saúva, os males do Brasil säo... Discurso médico-sanitário e interpretaçäo do país

O objetivo deste artigo e, primeiro, apontar o papel central e prolongado dos registros e textos medico-higienistas e do movimento pelo saneamento do Brasil, das tres primeiras decadas do seculo XX, na reconstrucao da identidade nacional a partir da identificacao da doenca como elemento distintivo da condicao de ser brasileiro e, segundo, sublinhar sua forte presenca em textos fundamentais da chamada fase de institucionalizacao das ciencias sociais no Brasil, marcada pela criacao dos cursos universitarios de sociologia e antropologia.

Telégrafos e inventário do território no Brasil: as atividades científicas da Comissão Rondon (1907-1915)

In its work to build communication infrastructure, the Rondon Commission (1900-30) became well known for its contacts with indigenous societies. Little, however, has been written about the scientific research conducted by its members, that was inseparable from the recently inaugurated republican regimes goals of modernization, settlement, and integration of the interior with the rest of Brazil. The article analyzes the impact of the Commissions scientific work in areas like botany, geology, and zoology, as well as its impact on the new field of work thus opened to Brazilian researchers and naturalists, who took part in these exploratory journeys in ever greater numbers.

Uma brasiliana médica: o Brasil Central na expedição científica de Arthur Neiva e Belisário Penna e na viagem ao Tocantins de Julio Paternostro

The article addresses the role played within the social imaginary of Brazil by the scientific voyages of physicians in the first half of the twentieth century. Two texts are analyzed: a report by Arthur Neiva and Belisario Penna published in Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz and another by Julio Paternostro, released in 1945 in Viagem ao Tocantins. The former contributed to singling out pathology as defining mark of national identity during the First Republic (1899-1930), a fact that had repercussions in the following decades, as apparent in Paternostros book, which at the time of its publication was presented as an indictment of national problems. These portraits of Brazil highlight as attributes of the country not only disease but also the geographic and, primarily, cultural distance separating the coast from the sertao.

Do “inferno florido” à esperança do saneamento: ciência, natureza e saúde no estado do Amazonas durante a Primeira República (1890-1930)

In the first two decades of the 20th century, publications of Euclides da Cunha, Alberto Rangel and Carlos Chagas about the Amazon presented from different perspectives a critique of what they considered unrealistic visions originated in the travel accounts of naturalists of 18th and 19th centuries. Alternatively, they proposed the analysis of the region from the perspective of new scientific knowledge, which included several areas - from geology to tropical medicine. Recent studies have indicated the need for more research on the institutions and local scientific practices, both in the development of ideas about the region and the definition of public policies. This article is proposed on this perspective, to reflect on the different ideas that were built by the medical-scientific thought about Nature and Society in the state of Amazonas during the Brazilian First Republic, when the rise and decline of the Amazonian rubber was experienced. It is understood that local physicians actively participated in scientific discussions related to tropical medicine, and put into practice the main theses about control and prevention of endemic diseases like malaria and yellow fever. This set of ideas and practices contributed to the definition of sanitation of the city of Manaus and the hinterland of state of Amazonas.

Antropologia e medicina: assistência à saúde no Serviço de Proteção aos Índios (1942-1956)

The article discusses how the actions of health care were planned by the Brazilian Servico de Protecao aos Indios (SPI). The period analyzed covers the years from 1942, when the SPI Studies Section was founded, nowadays recognized as the beginning of important changes in this institution with the enhancement of social sciences in its administrative structure, to 1956, when the anthropologist Darcy Ribeiro left the direction of Studies Section. In this context, we analyze the plans for the SPI Medical and Sanitary Service, which suggest a link between medical and anthropological knowledge in promoting sanitation improvements to indigenous groups.

Na Baixada Fluminense, à sombra da ‘Esfinge do Rio’: lutas populares e políticas de saúde na alvorada do SUS

This paper addresses the popular health movement in Nova Iguaçu-RJ in the 1970s and 1980s. Amidst political repression, residents organized themselves to find solutions to various problems, including health problems. Health demands are enhanced both by the dengue epidemic and linkages with the Brazilian health reform and a struggle for democracy. Using documental historical sources from newspapers, health dissemination papers and documents from the House of Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz collection, this paper concludes that the example of Nova Iguaçu reveals both the complexity of the process of political opening at the local level and efforts of conducting a health reform where it was needed the most. Resistance on the part of the medical corporation, private interests in health and the existence of a still incipient popular political organization and culture are some of the elements that account for the hardships in advancing the manifest wishes of policies. The specificities of local arenas also point to possible institutional arrangements, sometimes very peculiar and not reproducible in other settings.Resumo O artigo revisita o movimento popular por saude em Nova Iguacu-RJ nas decadas de 1970 e 1980. Em meio a repressao politica, moradores se organizaram para encontrar solucoes para diversos problemas, entre eles os da saude. A luta pela saude se potencializa tanto pela epidemia de dengue quanto pelas conexoes com a reforma sanitaria brasileira e pela democracia. Com apoio de fontes documentais provenientes de jornais diarios, artigos de divulgacao em saude e do acervo da Casa de Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, o artigo conclui que o exemplo de Nova Iguacu e revelador tanto acerca da complexidade do processo de abertura politica em âmbito local quanto dos esforcos de conducao de uma reforma sanitaria onde ela se fazia mais necessaria. A resistencia de parte da corporacao medica, os interesses privados na saude, a existencia de uma cultura politica popular ainda incipiente e um associativismo em formacao sao alguns dos elementos que dao conta das dificuldades em se fazer avancar os anseios manifestos no plano das politicas. As especificidades das arenas locais, tambem apontam para as possibilidades de arranjos institucionais, por vezes, muito peculiares e nao reproduziveis em outros cenarios.

[Crossed paths: the role of Frederico Simões Barbosa in the constitution of Public Health].

Importante personagem na construcao da epide-miologia como campo de investigacao e conhe-cimento necessario a estruturacao dos servicos de saude publica no Brasil, Frederico Simoes Bar -bosa tem sido com frequencia lembrado como precursor dos estudos epidemiologicos de longa duracao no pais. Seu reconhecimento nacional e internacional deve-se em larga medida aos tra-balhos sobre esquistossomose, endemia a cujo estudo dedicou-se a partir de 1950, quando assu-miu a direcao do recem-criado Centro de Pesqui-sas Aggeu Magalhaes, em Recife (Pernambuco).Uma contribuicao igualmente lembrada, ain-da que com menos destaque quando se aborda a biografia do pesquisador pernambucano, re-fere-se ao seu papel na constituicao do campo da saude coletiva, especialmente no processo de criacao da Associacao Brasileira de Pos-gra-duacao em Saude Coletiva (Abrasco), em 1979. Nos dois livros que abordam de forma mais sistematica a historia dessa Associacao, as refe-rencias enaltecem o papel precursor nos estu-dos populacionais em saude publica, mas nao se detem nas razoes que o levaram a presidir a primeira diretoria da Associacao e tampouco em explicar as relacoes entre sua trajetoria an-terior e o encontro com as novas correntes, cri-ticas a saude publica de perfil mais tradicional, que lideraram o processo de criacao da Abrasco. Tendo eu participado da organizacao das duas coletâneas sobre a historia dessa Associacao, pretendo dar uma pequena contribuicao no preenchimento de tal lacuna, ao mesmo tempo em que reverencio a memoria desse importante pesquisador brasileiro

A contribuição da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz para o ensino de pós-graduação na Amazônia Legal: experiências nos estados de Amazonas e Rondônia

Legal Amazonia (AL) possesses evident social inequity, which is expressed by different indexes, including human resource qualification and STI production. From the viewpoint of graduate education, whereas the Southeast Region offers 46.6% of the graduate programs in Brazil, only 5.27% of these programs are located in the Northern Region. The AL is characterized by an ethnic and cultural mosaic and by possession of the most significant biological diversity of the planet. Therefore, the AL should be included in public policy proposals focused on reducing its social inequities. Thus, aiming to contribute to the expansion of STI in the AL, through the training of teachers, researchers and technicians in the region, the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) has offered a variety of graduate courses in partnership with local, Amazonian institutions. This article proposes to report and discuss the Fiocruz experiences, particularly those developed in the Brazilian states of Amazonas and Rondonia.

Memórias de um antropólogo na primeira metade do século XX as “Notas e Opiniões” de Edgard Roquette-Pinto nas páginas do Jornal do Brasil

Between 1951 and 1954, anthropologist and writer Edgard Roquette-Pinto held aweekly column in the Jornal do Brasil, through which discussed topics related to science, literature, communication, education, anthropology and his own intellectual sociability. Although the column were dealing with controversial issues involving the cultural and policy life in Brazil early 1950, was the frequent recurrence to the past, ideas, events and personages that made up his intellectual trajectory and of generation formed in the late nineteenth to the twentieth century. So, the objective of this paper is to analyze the chronicles of Roquette-Pinto while texts of memories, trying to demonstrate that the author used his column as a writing itself, aspace to describe the experiences and sociability he had with his generation. On the other hand, this work highlights that his column also must be read as a public writing, through which the anthropologist expressed his political activism and their intellectual projects, especially those related to anthropology.

Carta dos Editores

N o segundo número deste ano, a Revista da ABET oferece aos leitores contribuições de grande relevância para o conhecimento sobre o mercado de trabalho no Brasil. Como será observado durante a leitura dos ensaios aqui publicados, a revista reflete a formação multidisciplinar da ABET, ao abrigar artigos com diversos cortes empíricos notando-se o uso de abordagens que incorporam contribuições conceituais da sociologia, da antropologia e da ciência política.