Noé Aguilar-Rivera

Gestión del agua como factor limitante de productividad cañera en México

RESUMEN Para Mexico es fundamental aplicar tecnicas de agricultura de precision en la agroindustria azucarera con informacion meteorologica basica de precipitacion, temperatura y evapotranspiracion para obtener el potencial de humedad retenido por el suelo, en conjunto con percepcion remota y el Indice de Diferencia Nor-malizada de Vegetacion (NDVI). El trabajo se llevo a cabo en zafra 2008/2010 en Huasteca Potosina Mexico. Se emplearon imagenes NOAA-AVHRR de satelites 17, 18 y 19 con bandas AVHRR 1 (ρ 1 ) (0,58 a 0,68 μm – rojo) y AVHRR 2 (ρ 2 ) (0,72 a 1,10 μm – infrarrojo cercano) para generar imagenes NDVI, simultaneamente se calculo a partir de registros de 11 estaciones de la zona canera para obtener el In-dice de Satisfaccion de las Necesidades Hidricas de los Cultivos (ISNH). El analisis indica que existe la correlacion de valores NDVI con las condiciones climaticas y que inciden en la productividad de la zafra azucarera de la Huasteca Potosina. Palabras clave: Cana de azucar, rendimiento, indice de vegetacion, necesidades hidricas.

Edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus production on cellulosic biomass of sugar cane

Sugarcane lignocellulosic biomass (trash, depithed bagasse, whole bagasse from mills) and wheat straw were evaluated as substrates in five treatments for the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation. Sugarcane substrates were characterized according to TAPPI and AOAC methods to determine their chemical composition. The substrate mixture were sterilized and placed in polyethylene bags before being inoculated with the Pleurotus ostreatus spawn. Colonizing and fructification periods and biological efficiency were analyzed. The results showed colonizing and fructification periods similar to the control group with trash (RAC) treatments and RAC/BI (Trash and bagasse from mills), biological efficiency of 106% and 103%, respectively. Edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus showed 15.2 and 21.3% of raw protein, 12.8% of crude fiber, 5.8 and 6.7% of ash, and 40 and 45% of carbohydrates. Mushroom cultivation is an efficient biological process of food protein recovery from sugar cane lignocellulosic biomass.

Upgrading Comparative and Competitive Advantages for Ethanol Fuel Production From Agroindustrial Crops in Developing Countries: Mexico as a Case Study

Abstract The search for economic viability, sustainability, and competitiveness in large-scale, first- and second-generation ethanol production is a worldwide trend. However, instability in the raw material supply chain, the risk of using food and feed in ethanol production, high production costs, and environmental imperatives, among other factors, have contributed to the ethanol and food debate. Therefore, the ethanol industry must make use of comparative land and climate (agroecological aptitude) advantages and cutting-edge technology in the value chain. Feedstock has been identified as a critical success factor in the intensive ethanol industry. The chapter presents, with the application of the MaxEnt model, the spatial distributions of seven bioenergy species for potential ethanol production, without affecting the current production system of food and feed sources; on the other hand, areas are identified and zoned to meet sustainability objectives based on the comparative advantages of climate and land for ethanol production.

Sustainable Development for Farmers Transforming Agroindustrial Wastes into Profitable Green Products

The world population is facing significant changes in the supply of food, feed, fuel and fiber from agroindustrial byproducts. However, poverty, climatic and environmental effects, loss of productivity of major agroindustrial activities, low-use of byproducts, land-use change, biodiversity loss and high water consumption are among some of the factors that contribute to reducing the profitability of traditional agribusinesses. The development of sustainable low-cost technologies, which are simple for rural farmers to apply for byproduct valorization is, therefore, a key option to transform traditional agribusiness in sustainable value chain. This paper proposes, to develop in farms, three productive activities, to achieve the socioeconomic and environmental sustainability with byproducts, as raw material, from the sugarcane, coffee, banana, corn and citrus fruit agroindustries in Mexico, integrating innovative techniques reported in the literature, traditional knowledge, experience of farmers and analytical methods: (a) biodrying for removal of water in byproducts, causing a decrease in volume and an increase in calorific value, (b) production of compost, vermicompost and bocashi and (c) cultivation and harvest of edible mushrooms. These activities have had a positive impact on the sustainability and profitability of farmers in Mexico by reducing the amount of mineral fertilizers used in fields, obtaining rural fuel and generating income; additionally, food is generated for humans and livestock from the production of edible mushrooms.