Noémi Rózsa

Safety and immunogenicity of a prepandemic influenza A (H5N1) vaccine in children.

Background: The avian influenza A (H5N1) virus is considered to be a potential cause of the next influenza pandemic. Children may be particularly vulnerable to the pandemic virus, and they may react differently than adults to vaccines. We report the results of the first clinical trial of an H5N1 vaccine in children. Methods: Twelve healthy children (mean age ± SD: 12.73 ± 2.77 years) received a single dose of 6 μg of the inactivated whole virus vaccine Fluval. Twenty-one days after vaccination, immunogenicity was assessed by hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization assays. Safety information was collected for 180 days. Results: No side-effects were observed, and the vaccine fulfilled all applicable U.S. and European immunogenicity criteria for licensure. The post/prevaccination geometric mean titer ratio was 16.95, the rate of seroconversion was 75% and the rate of seroprotection was also 75% 21 days after vaccination. Conclusions: We confirmed our earlier findings of the present vaccine in adults showing encouraging safety and immunogenicity properties in children. Studies with the present vaccine in elderly subjects are underway.

Prevalence and distribution of permanent canine agenesis in dental paediatric and orthodontic patients in Hungary

Non-syndromic permanent canine agenesis, or combined with agenesis, or developmental absence of other tooth types, has occasionally been described in the literature, but isolated forms are rarely observed. The purpose of the present retrospective radiographic study was to provide data on the prevalence and distribution of permanent canine agenesis in the Hungarian population. Dental panoramic tomograms and the medical history data of 4417, 6- to 18-year-old children (average age 12 years, male-to-female ratio 1:1), who presented for treatment at the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics of the Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary, were examined. Patients with systemic diseases were excluded. Chi-square and Fishers tests were performed to determine statistical significance at a level of P < 0.05. Thirteen subjects had permanent canine agenesis. The overall prevalence was 0.29 per cent. The prevalence of permanent canine agenesis was 0.27 per cent in the maxilla and 0.09 per cent in the mandible (P < 0.01). The male-to-female ratio was 1:2.2. Dental anomalies associated with permanent canine agenesis were found: 11 patients had retention of the primary canines, 10 other types of agenesis of the permanent teeth, one a primary supernumerary tooth, one a supernumerary cusp, and nine occlusal disturbances.

Effects of variable attachment shapes and aligner material on aligner retention

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the retention of four types of aligners on a dental arch with various attachments. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this study, three casts were manufactured, two of which contained attachments (ellipsoid and beveled), and one without any attachments to serve as a control. Four types of aligners were thermoformed: Clear-Aligner (CA)-soft, CA-medium, and CA-hard, with various thicknesses, and Essix ACE. Measurements of vertical displacement force during aligner removal were performed with the Gabo Qualimeter Eplexor. Means and standard deviations were next compared between different aligner thicknesses and attachment shapes. RESULTS CA-soft, CA-medium, and CA-hard did not present a significant increase in retention, except when used in the presence of attachments. Additionally, CA-medium and CA-hard required significantly more force for removal. Essix ACE demonstrated a significant decrease in retention when used with ellipsoid attachments. The force value for Essix ACE removal from the cast with beveled attachments was comparable to that of CA-medium. Forces for aligner removal from the model without attachments showed a linear trend. Essix ACE did not show a continuous increase in retention for each model. Overall, ellipsoid attachments did not present a significant change in retention. In contrast, beveled attachments improved retention. CONCLUSIONS Ellipsoid attachments had no significant influence on the force required for aligner removal and hence on aligner retention. Essix ACE showed significantly less retention than CA-hard on the models with attachments. Furthermore, beveled attachments were observed to increase retention significantly, compared with ellipsoid attachments and when using no attachments.

The influx of serum albumin to enamel matrix in rat incisors after trauma.

The most frequent results of trauma to tooth germs are enamel hypoplasia and enamel hypocalcification. These differing results may be due to the stage of amelogenesis at which trauma occurs. The cellular and biomolecullar events involved in the genesis of these defects are poorly understood. We hypothesized that one factor involved is the possibility that relatively high levels of serum albumin enter the enamel matrix through the damaged enamel organ, and impair mineralization of the matrix. The present study was undertaken to immunohistochemically and autoradiographically localize serum albumin in the enamel organs of rat incisors after trauma was inflicted to the mandibular incisor region of 4-day-old rats. Hemorrhage was seen surrounding the enamel organ and between the detached secretory-stage ameloblasts. One day after trauma, the most intense immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for albumin was localized in the outer layer of the enamel matrix adjacent to the detached secretory-stage ameloblasts. Albumin was also detected autoradiographically in the secretory-stage ameloblasts layer and enamel matrix. These findings indicate that serum albumin can leak between the detached ameloblasts and penetrate the enamel matrix after trauma. Leaked albumin was still present in the matrix during the maturation stage. Leaked albumin in the developing enamel could inhibit crystal growth and result in hypocalcification.

Tuberculate and odontoma type supernumerary teeth

An 8-and-a-half-year-old girl with supernumerary teeth of tuberculate and odontoma type is described. Treatment of the patient is carried out on conventional lines with a combination of surgical and orthodontic methods. The upper tuberculate type supernumerary teeth were extracted and, after surgical exposure, the upper permanent first incisors were aligned with removable appliances. After secondary dentition was completed, the lower odontoma type supernumerary tooth was removed surgically, and also the maxillary and mandibular first premolars were extracted because of severe crowding, and fixed orthodontic appliances were used to align the permanent dentition. Early diagnosis and treatment of this anomaly is necessary to avoid more serious consequences and to prevent severe orthodontic disturbances.

The Management of Crown Fracture of Immature Teeth by MTA and Calcium Hydroxide: Case Reports

This article describes the treatment of immature maxillary central incisors associated with complicated crown fracture with periapical lesion in two clinical cases. For the first, the root-canal was filled with Ca(OH)2 (calcium hydroxide) as an interim dressing followed by mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). In the second case, an incomplete obturation of left maxillary central incisor, the root canal was filled with calcium hydroxide. The advantages and disadvantages of Ca(OH)2 and MTA are discussed. Both materials are effective in the treatment of immature teeth. The advantages of MTA demonstrate its potential for replacing calcium hydroxide in endodontic procedures in the near future.

A 2-es típusú diabetes mellitus prevalenciájának változása szájüregi carcinomás betegek körében

INTRODUCTION Data proves that Hungary has a leading role in the statistics of oral cancer and patients living with type 2 diabetes. AIM Our aim was to understand the statistical correlation between oral cancer and metabolic disorder (diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose) due to the valuable data from the Semmelweis University. METHOD We analyzed the data of 835 patients diagnosed with malignant oral cancer and 587 tumor-free control patients. We investigated the incidence and location of oral cancer among patients living with diabetes, and compared these datasets with our previous data from 14 years earlier. RESULTS We found that in oral cancer patients, 26.1% had diabetes and 20.8% had impaired fasting glucose; in the control group these ratios were 10.8% and 11.1%. This difference is significant (p<0.05). 14 years ago in the tumor group 14.6%, in the control group 5.6% had diabetes, while 9.7% and 5.5% had impaired fasting glucose. Lip cancer had the biggest incidence. CONCLUSIONS The rise of type 2 diabetes in the tumor group was significant. This could be a burden for the health care system. We want to highlight the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation between health care professionals. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(20): 803-807.Absztrakt: Bevezetes: Ma mar szamos irodalmi adat bizonyitja, hogy a diabetes mellitus elősegiti a rosszindulatu daganatok kialakulasat es terjedeset, kedvezőtlenul befolyasolja a daganatos tulelest. Munkacsoportunk az elsők kozott vizsgalta a szajuregi malignus tumorok es a diabetes mellitus epidemiologiai osszefuggeseit. A diabetes szeles korű rapid terjedese miatt hosszu tavu osszehasonlito vizsgalatokat vegeztunk szajuregi daganatos betegek koreben. Eredmenyeinket a korabbi adatokkal osszevetve elemeztuk. Celkitűzes: Megvizsgalni a szajuregi daganatos betegek koreben a diabetes mellitus előfordulasi gyakorisagat es a kulonboző tumorlokalizaciok incidenciajat. Modszer: Retrospektiv diabetes- es emelkedett ehomi vercukorszintszűrest vegeztunk 835 hisztologiailag igazolt szajuregi daganatos beteg koreben. Vizsgaltuk a tumorok lokalizaciojat is. A kontrollcsoportot 587 tumormentes felnőtt kepezte. Az adatokat osszehasonlitottuk a 14 evvel ezelőtti eredmenyekkel. Eredmenyek: A szajuregi tumoros betegeknel ...