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Archive | 2003

Democracy in France: Do Associations Matter?

Nonna Mayer

In the recent debate about the concept of social capital, the civic and democratic role attributed to voluntary associations has received critical attention (Tarrow 1996; Portes 1998; Van Deth et al. 1999; Warren 1999). In line with Tocqueville’s famous statement that “only by the reciprocal action of men upon another can feelings and ideas be renewed, the heart enlarged, and human mind developed … This, only associations can do” (Tocqueville 1986, 158), many authors perceive voluntary associations as an ideal school of democracy. Because of the horizontal and egalitarian type of face-to-face interpersonal relations they promote, they are supposed to bring together people from different backgrounds, generate communication and debate and foster self-confidence and confidence in others. Associations are also supposed to make their members aware of the power of collective action and therefore promote political involvement and mobilization. Yet this vision might be overoptimistic and simplified. The purpose of our chapter is to examine the role of voluntary organizations as important links between citizens and the political system. We conclude that their importance as creators of attitudinal aspects of social capital may have been exaggerated.


Archive | 2004

Do Issues Matter? Law and Order in the 2002 French Presidential Election

Nonna Mayer; Vincent Tiberj

A large body of literature explains the growing electoral volatility in Western democracies by the decline of “cleavage voting” and the rise of “issue voting” Franklin et al., 1992. Citizens are supposed to become more autonomous and more critical of political elites because they are more educated, more exposed to information and more influenced by post-materialist values Nye et al., 1997; Norris, 1999. They would tend to vote less according to their party identification and their class or religious affiliations, but they would be more responsive to the political supply and the issues at stake. The last French presidential and parliamentary elections offer a good opportunity to explore such trends, with the help of the “2002 French Electoral Panel” survey data. Ten thousand interviews were conducted in three waves, on national samples representative of the French registered voters, before the first round of the presidential election, after the second presidential round and after the parliamentary second round.1


Revue Francaise De Sociologie | 1995

L'entretien selon Pierre Bourdieu. Analyse critique de La misère du monde

Nonna Mayer

Nonna Mayer : Das Gesprach nach Pierre Bourdieu. Kritische Untersuchung des Werkes : La misere du monde (Das Weltelend). ; ; In dem von ihm dirigierte Kollektivwerk beansprucht Pierre Bourdieu eine neue Art, Gesprache zu fuhren, wobei er systematisch die Regeln der ublicherweise in den Sozialwissenschaften zugelassenen Methoden ubertritt, wie zum Beispiel den vorherigen Aufbau von Gegenstand und Hypothesen, die Unbefangenheit des Untersuchers und die Notwendigkeit einer Inhaltsanalyse. Es wird versucht, aufzuzeigen, dass er damit ebenso problematische Verzerrungen einbringt, wie die von ihm verworfenen zu Tiefinterview oder Umfragen, und dass, die von ihm empfehlte Verwirrung zwischen literarischen, politischen und soziologischen Gattungen, zum Nachteil der letzten beitragt, und dass er damit zu Unrecht den Gedanken vorgibt, dass die Soziologie sich mit dem Sammeln, in der Art der gewohnlichen Unterhaltung, von Zeugnissen von Irgendjemandem uber Irgendetwas beschaftigt, um es unverdaut dem Publikum zu liefern.


International Journal of Urban and Regional Research | 2003

Le Pen's comeback: the 2002 French presidential election

Nonna Mayer

How could the French far right draw nearly 20% of the valid votes in the first round of the 2002 presidential election? Who are these voters and have they changed? Can this happen again? To answer these questions we rely on a three wave panel survey of 10,000 interviews conducted before the first round of the presidential election, after the second round and after the second round of the parliamentary elections. It shows that the main features of the Le Pen vote - xenophobic, authoritarian, mostly male - have not changed. But there has been an important shift in its social bases, from urban to rural areas and from young to elderly voters. Copyright Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishers Ltd 2003.


Revue Francaise De Sociologie | 1977

Une filière de la mobilité ouvrière : l'accès à la petite entreprise artisanale et commerciale

Nonna Mayer

Norma Mayer : Ein Weg der Arbeitermobilitat : die Bildung kleiner Hand werks-und Handelebetriebe. ; 1/5 der franzosischen Arbeiter wunscht eines Tages selbststandig zu sein. Wieviel erreichen dieses Ziel ? Die erneute Auswertung der Daten einer Untersuchung des Statistischen Amtes INSEE uber die Mobilitat in Frankreich zwischen 1965 und 1970 lasst feststellen, wieviel mannliche franzosische Arbeiter einen eigenen Handwerks - oder Handelsbetrieb im Verlauf dieses Zeitabschnittes grundeten, und erlaubt einen Vergleich der soziologischen Eigenschaften mit denen der Arbeiter von 1965 und der Kleinhandler und hand- werker von 1970. Auffallig ist eine relativ bedeutende Mobilitat zwischen der Arbeiterklasse und den kleinen Arbeitgebern in einem so kurzen Zeitabschnitt, Zeugnis einer Verjungung und Oeffnung der Kategorie der Kleinhandler und handwerker. Diese Mobilitat betrifft jedoch nicht die gesamte Arbeiterklasse. Sie beschrankt sich hauptsachlich auf die jungen Gesellen des Handwerks, wobei die zwei bevorzugten Wege vom Bauarbeiter zum Bauunternehmer und vom Backergesellen zum selbststandigen Backer fuhren. Die Mobilitat ist nicht unbedingt ein Zeichen der Arbeiterpromotion, da mindestens 1/3 dieser selbststandig gewordenen Arbeiter selbst Sohne von Arbeitgebern oder von gut situierten Eltern sind, deren Uebergang zur selbststandigkeit durch Hilfe der Familie erleichtert wurde. Eine Segmentationsanalyse gestattet eine Kombinierung der untersuchten Variabeln zur Definition der Teilgruppe in der Arbeiterpopulation in der die Rate der Selbststandigkeit am hochsten ist : es handelt sich um junge qualifizierte Arbeiter des Holz-, Bau- und Nahrungsmittelsgewerbes, die selbst Sohne von Arbeitgebern sind : 1/5 machte sich zwischen 1965 und 1970 selbststandig (wahrend der Durchschnitt weniger als 3 % betragt).


Archive | 2013

The “Contentious French” Revisited

Nonna Mayer

The chapter explains the exceptional vitality of the social movement sector in France, with a focus on demonstrations and strikes, and provides an overview of the French research in the field, critical of the dominant North American models.


Archive | 2012

“Islamophobia” in France: old prejudice in new clothes?

Nonna Mayer

There is a long tradition of research on prejudice showing the coherence of attitudes towards “others”. Sumner (1906) was the first to coin the term “ethnocentrism” to refer to the tendency to see one’s group as the centre of the world and above all others. Adorno and his colleagues linked ethnocentrism to authoritarian attitudes and the rejection of out-groups, seen as subordinate to in-groups (Adorno, Frenkel-Brunswick, Levinson, and Sanford, 1950, p. 104). To what extent does this pattern still hold true in post-war democracies, where tolerance has become the norm?


Contemporary European History | 1996

Is France Racist

Nonna Mayer

Is France racist, as Michel Wieviorka has suggested in a recent book? 1 And if so, why? Is France more or less racist than her European neighbours, and is the degree of racism increasing or decreasing? These questions are being hotly debated in the wake of the electoral successes of the National Front, which is seen as a ‘racist’ party by three-quarters of French people old enough to vote. 2


Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique | 2018

Qualitatif ou quantitatif ? Plaidoyer pour l’éclectisme méthodologique

Nonna Mayer

Retraçant un parcours de recherche commencé au CEVIPOF il y a plus de 40 ans, cet article est un plaidoyer pour l’éclectisme méthodologique. A partir d’exemples tirés de ses travaux sur le comportement électoral, le racisme et les inégalités sociales, l’auteure montre le caractère artificiel de l’opposition entre approches qualitatives et quantitatives, tant au niveau du recueil des données que de leur analyse. Entretiens et sondages, questions ouvertes et fermées, observation participante et expérimentations, chacune de ces techniques éclaire une facette du phénomène étudié. Il faut donc les croiser pour le saisir dans sa totalité.


Peace Studies | 2017

From Left to Far Right

Nonna Mayer

This paper analyses the electoral impact of social insecurity in France between the 2012 presidential election and the 2015 regional elections, the last before the 2017 presidential race. Data comes from two national post electoral surveys, and social insecurity is measured by a multidimensional continuous indicator of “precariousness”, combining economic hardship and social isolation. The analysis shows that in both elections, the major effect of precariousness was to decrease political interest and electoral turnout. And among those who went to the polls, in both elections it decreased support for the mainstream right parties. But in 2012 this worked to the advantage of the socialist left, while in 2015 it was the opposite. The higher the level of precariousness, the higher was support for the far right party, the Front national, most spectacular being the turnover precariousness operated among blue collar workers. The impact of social insecurity is clearly shaped by the context and the supply-side of politics; it can incline to either side of the political spectrum.

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Bruno Cautrès

Centre national de la recherche scientifique

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