Nor Farah Atiqah Ahmad

PET concrete as paver block

This research is carried out to investigate the performance of concrete containing Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottle waste as fine aggregate. PET bottle waste was chosen because it is being thrown after single use and cause environmental problem. This PET concrete then will be applied as a paver block for pedestrian walk. To reduce waste PET, the PET bottles was recycled and used in concrete mixture as a fine aggregate. PET bottles was cleaned and grinded into small irregular shape. Then, it was incorporate with the concrete and the test was conducted to find out the suitable strength for PET concrete that will be applied as paver block. The study was conducted by using cube mould to investigate the strength of the concrete. A total of four batches of concrete were produced namely, standard concrete and concrete containing PET of 5%, 10% and 15%. In this research, the compressive strength of the concrete were measured following British Standard method. The results revealed that the presence of PET in concrete will decrease the concrete performance. Nevertheless, the content of PET was specified in a specific limit to avoid the effect of concrete strength.This research is carried out to investigate the performance of concrete containing Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottle waste as fine aggregate. PET bottle waste was chosen because it is being thrown after single use and cause environmental problem. This PET concrete then will be applied as a paver block for pedestrian walk. To reduce waste PET, the PET bottles was recycled and used in concrete mixture as a fine aggregate. PET bottles was cleaned and grinded into small irregular shape. Then, it was incorporate with the concrete and the test was conducted to find out the suitable strength for PET concrete that will be applied as paver block. The study was conducted by using cube mould to investigate the strength of the concrete. A total of four batches of concrete were produced namely, standard concrete and concrete containing PET of 5%, 10% and 15%. In this research, the compressive strength of the concrete were measured following British Standard method. The results revealed that the presence of PET i...

Effectiveness of corn cob as a thermal isolation material

Each year global warming creates a phenomenon of increased heat in building structures, especially indoor. At present, building constructions apply various new materials which focus only on load-bearing material strength in order to be stronger and more durable. However, in order to achieve these criteria, the materials have to be good thermal conductors. Therefore, in this study, in order to overcome this, an alternative material, namely corncob was studied to determine its effectiveness as a thermal isolation material. Dried corncob was ground, glued and compacted in a mold with dimensions of 0.3m x 0.3m x 0.02m to produce a corncob plate. After being dried at 130°C and at room temperature for a day, it was installed on the mini house ceiling. The findings showed that on the third day of experiment, the indoor temperature of the mini house demonstrated a significant difference, where the temperature reading outside and inside the model house showed p-value (of the T-test) of more than 0.05. This proves that the corncob is effective in reducing indoor temperature and it can be an alternative material for thermal isolation.Each year global warming creates a phenomenon of increased heat in building structures, especially indoor. At present, building constructions apply various new materials which focus only on load-bearing material strength in order to be stronger and more durable. However, in order to achieve these criteria, the materials have to be good thermal conductors. Therefore, in this study, in order to overcome this, an alternative material, namely corncob was studied to determine its effectiveness as a thermal isolation material. Dried corncob was ground, glued and compacted in a mold with dimensions of 0.3m x 0.3m x 0.02m to produce a corncob plate. After being dried at 130°C and at room temperature for a day, it was installed on the mini house ceiling. The findings showed that on the third day of experiment, the indoor temperature of the mini house demonstrated a significant difference, where the temperature reading outside and inside the model house showed p-value (of the T-test) of more than 0.05. This proves ...

Geographical information system (GIS) application for flood prediction at Sungai Sembrong

The occurrence of flood is one of natural disaster that often beset Malaysia. The latest incident that happened in 2007 was the worst occurrence of floods ever be set in Johor. Reporting floods mainly focused on rising water rising levels, so about once a focus on the area of flood delineation. A study focused on the effectiveness of using Geographic Information System (GIS) to predict the flood by taking Sg. Sembrong, Batu Pahat, Johor as study area. This study combined hydrological model and water balance model in the display to show the expected flood area for future reference. The minimum, maximum and average rainfall data for January 2007 at Sg Sembrong were used in this study. The data shows that flood does not occurs at the minimum and average rainfall of 17.2mm and 2mm respectively. At maximum rainfall, 203mm, shows the flood area was 9983 hectares with the highest level of the water depth was 2m. The result showed that the combination of hydrological models and water balance model in GIS is very suitable to be used as a tool to obtain preliminary information on flood immediately. Besides that, GIS system is a very powerful tool used in hydrology engineering to help the engineer and planner to imagine the real situation of flood events, doing flood analysis, problem solving and provide a rational, accurate and efficient decision making.The occurrence of flood is one of natural disaster that often beset Malaysia. The latest incident that happened in 2007 was the worst occurrence of floods ever be set in Johor. Reporting floods mainly focused on rising water rising levels, so about once a focus on the area of flood delineation. A study focused on the effectiveness of using Geographic Information System (GIS) to predict the flood by taking Sg. Sembrong, Batu Pahat, Johor as study area. This study combined hydrological model and water balance model in the display to show the expected flood area for future reference. The minimum, maximum and average rainfall data for January 2007 at Sg Sembrong were used in this study. The data shows that flood does not occurs at the minimum and average rainfall of 17.2mm and 2mm respectively. At maximum rainfall, 203mm, shows the flood area was 9983 hectares with the highest level of the water depth was 2m. The result showed that the combination of hydrological models and water balance model in GIS is very ...

The application of micro UAV in construction project

In every outstanding construction project, there is definitely have an effective construction management. Construction management allows a construction project to be implemented according to plan. Every construction project must have a progress development works that is usually created by the site engineer. Documenting the progress of works is one of the requirements in construction management. In a progress report it is necessarily have a visual image as an evidence. The conventional method used for photographing on the construction site is by using common digital camera which is has few setback comparing to Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). Besides, site engineer always have a current issues involving limitation of monitoring on high reach point and entire view of the construction site. The purpose of this paper is to provide a concise review of Micro UAV technology in monitoring the progress on construction site through visualization approach. The aims of this study are to replace the conventional method of photographing on construction site using Micro UAV which can portray the whole view of the building, especially on high reach point and allows to produce better images, videos and 3D model and also facilitating site engineer to monitor works in progress. The Micro UAV was flown around the building construction according to the Ground Control Points (GCPs) to capture images and record videos. The images taken from Micro UAV have been processed generate 3D model and were analysed to visualize the building construction as well as monitoring the construction progress work and provides immediate reliable data for project estimation. It has been proven that by using Micro UAV, a better images and videos can give a better overview of the construction site and monitor any defects on high reach point building structures. Not to be forgotten, with Micro UAV the construction site progress is more efficiently tracked and kept on the schedule.In every outstanding construction project, there is definitely have an effective construction management. Construction management allows a construction project to be implemented according to plan. Every construction project must have a progress development works that is usually created by the site engineer. Documenting the progress of works is one of the requirements in construction management. In a progress report it is necessarily have a visual image as an evidence. The conventional method used for photographing on the construction site is by using common digital camera which is has few setback comparing to Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). Besides, site engineer always have a current issues involving limitation of monitoring on high reach point and entire view of the construction site. The purpose of this paper is to provide a concise review of Micro UAV technology in monitoring the progress on construction site through visualization approach. The aims of this study are to replace the conventional ...

Hazard And Risk Slope Inventory Using Geographical Information System (GIS): Case Study At Federal Route Simpang Pulai From Section 35 To 45

The demand for better and efficient road network has increased tremendously due to the rapid development experienced by the nation in the past few decades. Thus, the tendency to construct roads on the hilly terrain and forced the cuts and fills activities to be carried out. From Public Work Department (PWD) data, the second East West Highway (EWH) found 1335 numbers of non-failed and failed slopes along the highway that are need to be inspected. This case study was focused along the federal road of Simpang Pulai from section 35 to 45 which is part of the second EWH. Therefore, in order to manage the large number of the slopes, it is impossible to access the location and condition of slopes by conducting site inventory without any references. The Slope Smart Proforma A1 and Slope Management and Risk Tracking System (SMART) assessment was used to collect all the slopes data and analyzed the slope in order to verify the condition in terms of hazard and risk. The process of slope mapping was conducted using the Geographic Information System (GIS) application. As a result, the map of slope hazard and risk produced based on rating that has been designed by PWD in SMART. In conclusion, the map produced with data collected through proforma can be useful for the responsible parties to evaluate and inspect the condition of the slopes in order to take early preventive measures.