Nor Hazlina Hashim

From Middle Childhood to Adulthood Attachment: Measuring Attachment Stability in the Context of Married Individuals in Penang, Malaysia

Attachment theory argues that attachment styles developed during infancy and childhood will be relatively enduring and continue during adulthood. While research on adult attachment has been mounting in the past, less is known on the enduring effect of attachment styles with mother, father, and their peer or peers during childhood on adult romantic attachment styles. Past research in fact have obtained mixed findings on the stability of attachment styles from childhood to adulthood, especially in the context of Malaysian setting. In order to explore the stability of attachment styles from childhood to adulthood, a survey among 400 married individuals was conducted and partial least squares was employed for data analysis. The application of attachment theory in this study was established via two dimensions of anxiety and avoidance. The result indicated that respondents who exhibited high levels of anxiety and high levels of avoidance with mother, father, and their peers would display the same attachment styles with their romantic partners or spouses during adulthood. The findings provide conclusive evidence on the continuity and stability of attachment styles with stronger and enduring bonds observed for peer-adult attachment.

Social Partnership CSR Forum on Sustainable Development, Jawa Barat Indonesia

This study aims to examine and understand the CSR forum by looking at the success of the implementation of West Java CSR Forum in the form of a case study. The study use qualitative approach that are in-depth interviews and focus group. Data were collected through in-depth interviews; 4 respondents from government sector (as the founder and facilitator of the CSR Forum), and 10 respondents from the corporate sector (as the members of the Forum). In addition, focus group discussions were conducted with the community, the beneficiaries of the programme, consisting of opinion leaders and the nongovernmental organization (NGO). In this study, the data processing was carried out using NVivo program managing, analyzing and interpreting of data collected from various sources. With analissi software NVivo qualitative data analysis was performed with data queries, model visualization, graphics graphics and charts NVivo. This study found that the government is the main driving force and the facilitator in a CSR partnership. Collaboration and stakeholders involvement are the main activities. Cooperation and community participation should be developed with the orientation towards bottom-up through community empowerment. This study proposes that ongoing dialogue is used as a strategic tool in the communication system to achieve mutual trust and mutual understanding for creating a strong synergy between government, corporate sector and local communities to achieve sustainable development.

The Influence Factors Towards Mobile Advertising Message Content on Consumer Purchase Intention

The purpose of this research is to study consumer attitude towards mobile advertising in Malaysia, and whether this attitude results in the intention to purchase the products or services advertised. This article reports on the results, based on factors such as entertainment, informativeness, irritation and credibility, which the research framework derives from Ducoffe (1996, Advertising value and advertising on the Web, Journal of Advertising Research, 36(5), 21–35) and Mackenzie (1989, An empirical examination of the structural antecedents of attitude toward the ad in an advertising pretesting context, Journal of Marketing, 53(4), 48–65). Attitudes towards behaviours, and subjective norms, based on the research by Ajzen (1991, The theory of planned behaviour, Organizational Behaviour & Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211), are included in understanding consumer intention. A survey is conducted on 150 respondents, and the partial least squares analysis is used to determine the antecedents of mobile advertising that lead to consumer acceptance of mobile advertising, and the resulting intention to purchase. Results show that the advertising message content has the largest impact on attitude in advertising that is done via mobile phone. Attitudes towards mobile advertising are linked to the intention to purchase the product or services advertised. The main implication of the study shows that marketing managers should focus their marketing communication on mobile advertising, and increasing the attractiveness of this form of advertising, so as to reflect consumers’ intention to purchase. This study opens a new channel of communication for multiple unexamined matters concerning the mobile advertising industry. Based on the results, a number of recommendations are proposed and suggestions for future studies are made.

Muslims in cyberspace: exploring factors influencing online religious engagements in Malaysia

The emergence of Islam and Muslim public spheres in cyberspace has progressed along with the development of Information and Communication Technologies. Just like believers of other faiths, Muslim individuals are enthusiastic in sharing their faith, beliefs, and values at the click of a mouse. Based on an online survey conducted on 525 respondents, this study seeks further understanding on the factors that influence engagement in online religious activities among Muslims. Through the application of the Theory of Planned Behavior, results from the study revealed five important predictors of online religious engagement, namely attitude–Internet perception, the subjective norms of the Muslim community, the Internet self-efficacy, level of religiosity among Muslims, and offline media usage for religious purposes.